,0' 



S 



A" 






■a? ^<v 

■ ' * 



^0.,. 













^^-'^^^ 



V . ' • »- 









S' 






.-^'^' .-; 



'^_ ^'i-' 






•w ,X- 






.3^V. 















^iW 



^"^^''- ^^&^ -^ '■^^^■^ 






'AO^ 



^o 










.<!- 



•^q. 



?-^ 






<?• 


_ 




<. -». 


'. ' 




■(5> 




-J * 


•P 






•^•^^ 


0^ 




/ 


°^ 


,' 


.^^ 





1. V ^ • ' ^ 



o > 



■^^ 




'k<\V^' 






4 O 






%/ :>^ 



^"•^<^ 



V 



<\'- 






^ % " oy <o ^ 






qV ^0 " O ^ 




^bV 









.^' 



o 



/ 



,'•<>» o^ 






^ 
•<?• 



Vv^ 
.'^^^- 



-^ 



is y ■ 4 



3=^' 












CM' 



^=0 



•>-. ,v 



4 o 






s\^ :.5((\XC 



^r-i^^ 



./> . ^^ V J. >'■/' ' 


■' ^. "^-^^o^ 






1 

o^ ' * • ' 



* o „ ' ^.(J, 



."*•' 



■<?, . 



'^ 









.* .,'^- 



^^^^.. 



1 



<". 



.a'- "tt- 0* 



. ,o' .^ 






'■r^f^'^' 



< o 









<^. 



ei);^,* 



'<?> 



■^o'lt/ 



.G. 



V-qv 



.0' 



-b K 



-^'>^.^^^ 



; r^An-^i^J 






V-^^ 









^^'Z'^'^. 



«»°' ^^' 'V *•'•'*' ^° 



v^^ 



<- ,A^ 









0' »L*^'- 






1*0- t T -ff* r^ ' _f-^s^ ^ -I I'D- V -,,-T^ -^ (*^ 



"'- C> A.'^ ''Jo^v,'* -^ V" »'•»- ^ ^0^ '''■^'- 






c " " ° « O jA 



• %.^ ysisi^ "\/ <^^^^'- %.^ '^^^^- \^/ ^^K' ' 



■^S^, * o , o ' V'^ 




<?. * o « o ' ^'«- 



.\ 



/I, " 









^. 











,0 <j> " = ~ o ' cs^ o^ 

ir y*. X" -i- 











■* 4.<^ 



^5 *^ .. s^ A ^ -. . • r.v 







■-0' 

^°<. 






vV^^ 






.-V 






c\^ *■ 



V 



^. 















V. 



"^^ 



,/ :km-. --.„*' .v^-, -^.^Z .■^•. %„.' .•; %/ .••»^;-. V„.^ .v: 



• * " .0 



^ <-. '° • ' * A^ ^^. 






"^ 






•J- V ^-> 



^^^ 



°<. *"^ 




,Hq. 












•^^ 



IK- 



~7\ 



Manual and Record 

DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF FARMERS. 



EMBRACING RULED AND PRINTED FORMS FOR A RECORD IN DETAIL OF EVERY BUSINESS 

TRANSACTION, AND ARRANGED FOR ANY SYSTEM OF FARMING IN ANY 

LOCALITY AND FOR FARMS OF ANY EXTENT. 

CONVENIENTLY CLASSIFIED AND METHODICALLY ARRANGED. 



Including a Veterinary Department, 



EXPLAINING CLEARLY AND CONCISELY THE 



CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF HORSES, CATTLE. 

SHEEP, SWINE AND POULTRY. 




TO WHICH IS ADDED DEPARTMENTS OF 

AGRICULTURE, ARCHITECTURE, FACTS AND FIGURES. 

TABULATED FOR QUICK A\D READY REFERENCE. 



ILLUSTRATED. 




CH IC AGO : 

w^. m:. karrar CO. 

1S90. 



/■ 



IV 



/■ 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 




CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT. j. . ^ 




HHliliiiliiii 



THE HORSE. 

General Constitutional Diseases. 



DISTEMPER, OR STRANGLES. 

Causes. — This disease is an eruptive fever, a specific 
blood-poison, peculiar to the horse, and is contagious. 
Changes of location and a morbid condition of the system 
will induce this disease in young colts and horses under 
three years old. Is more common in cold, damp weather. 



abscesses may appear on other parts of the body. In 
some cases the poison remains diffused without breaking 
out as indicated, the bowels are costive and urine scanty. 

TREATMENT.— Avoid bleeding or purging. If bowels are con- 
stipated give injections. Good nursing is most important. Keep up 
the strength with nourishing food. Feed with boiled barley, oats and 




W. V.xndekbilt's Team, " Eaklv Rose" and "Aldine 



HE World. 



Symptoms. — The first indications are nervous prostra- 
tion and loss of appetite, coughing, sore throat, discharge 
from nose and heavy breathing. The poison in the blood 
produces abscesses about the throat; sometimes a hard 
tumor grows between tlie branches of the lower jaw, or 



sliced carrots. Give him a warm, dry place and plenty of fresh air, 
avoiding drafts. Apply hot fla.\seed meal poultices to the swollen 
parts. When the tumor is stubborn trim the hair and apply blister of 
one part powdered Spanish fly, mi.xed with si.x pans of hog's lard. 
Give fora tonic, morning and evening, one dram of tincture of iron and 
one dram of tincture of .gentian. 



-A 



JvJ 



T> V 



J!i^ 



K 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 






INFLUENZA. 

Causes. — A blood disease, usually attacking young 
horses in the spring and fall. This is also known as an 
epizootic disease, and sometimes called " Pink Eye." 

Symptoms — It assumes a variety of forms, catarrh 
being more common. The first signs noticed are dullness, 
loss of appetite, hanging head, staggering from weakness, 
rapid breathing and quickened pulse, coughing, constipa- 
tion, colic, scanty and high-colored urine, large swelling 
of the legs, which are painful to the touch. 

TREATMENT.— As in case of Distemper, good nursing is most 
important. A clean, dry well-ventilated stable; cover with blankets 



with the disease has stood. The disease is caused by 
damp, foul air, bad food or privation. 

Symptoms. — It is called Farcy when it manifests itself 
in large corded swellings on the lymphatic glands and other 
tissues of the body. These tumo's, which are called 
" Farcy Buds," suppurate and discharge unhealthy-looking 
matter. Glanders affects the nose, also the throat and 
lungs. Ulcers form in the nostrils, from which there is a 
thick discharge. There are two forms of this disease, 
acute and chronic. The symptoms are the same, the only 
difference consisting in the time required for the disease to 
run its course. 




'Salvator" — One of the Largest Winners of i8 



and bandage the legs and give plenty of bedding. Oats and bran 
equa] parts, mixed and steamed, is the best food. To relieve colic give 
one pint raw linseed oil every si.x hours, or immediate relief may be 
obtained by giving injections of lukewarm soapsuds. If much cough, 
give three drams of tincture of belladonna, one dram of camphor, one 
ounce of sweet spirits of nitre, in half a pint of cold water, two or 
three times a day. Keep a pail of water in manger, .\pply liniment 
of equal parts turpentine, linseed oil and ammonia to the throat till 
slightly blistered, and hot water to the chest. Give twice a day a 
tonic of one dram carbonate of iron and two drams of powdered gen- 
tian, mixed with the feed. 

GLANDERS AND FARCY. 

Causes. — These are twins, being different forms of the 
same disease, either of which usually ends with both forms 
fully developed. It is contagious only by inoculation of 
the virus discharged from ulcers, and usually contracted 
by rubbing the nose on a post or a trough where a horse 



TREATMENT.— As the disease is incurable and is contagious to 
man as well as beast the horse'should be killed and buried as soon as 
it is diagnosed satisfactorily. When there are any indications of this 
disease, separate from other animals and await developments. Any 
treatment prescribed would only postpone the fatal termination of the 
disease. 

RHEUMATISM. 

Causes. — It is occasioned by exposure to cold by cool 
ing off too rapidly after becoming heated. Easily prevented 
by blanketing and by avoiding drafts and dampness. 

Symptoms. — The tendons and ligaments of the body 
and limbs are affected, attended by heat, swelling, pain and 
lameness changing from one joint to another. The parts 
usually affected are the shoulders, hips, fetlocks and 
knees. 

TREATMENT.— Bandage the legs with flannel and keep the body 
warm and comfortable. Apply as a liniment equal parts liquor 
ammonia, tincture arnica, tincture opium diluted in three parts water. 



K- 



-A 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Diseases of the Nervous System. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 

Causes. — Results almost invariab!y from concussion, 
exposure to cold or dampness. 

Symptoms. — Delirium and fever followed by great pros- 
tration. The eyes bloodshot, mucous membranes red, 
rapid pulse, breath loud and Lard, loss of appetite and 
constipation. 

TREAT.MENT.— .Apply chopped ice or cold water lo the head con- 
tinuously. When the fever subsides apply blistc-s to the upper part 
of the head. One ounce of aloes, twenty drops of crolon oil, and 
two drams each of nitre and jjin.^er, made into two balls with ffa.\- 
seed raeal and treacle. Iniect blood-warm soap-suds. Let the horse 
be loose in a well-bedded, cool stable. Bromide of potassium in 
doses of two drams every three hours. 

MEGRIMS, OR VERTIGO. 

is a inilder form of apoplexy. 

C.1USES. — May result from over-exertion in hot weather, 
or from a collar fitting too tightly, causing a rush of blood 
to the head. 

SvMPTO.MS. — Twitching of the neck, throwing up of 
head, full veins of the neck and head, unsteady gait, 
and staggering. 

TREATMENT.— The horse should' be at once unharnessed and 
cold water dashed on the head. Avoid the usual but useless and 
dangerous habit of bleeding. 

STAGGERS. 

Causes. — This is a stupid condition, resulting from 
over-feeding on coarse, bulky diet. 

Symptoms. — Torpid bowels, scanty, highly-colored urine, 
slow breathing. The horse is usually found standing in a 
stupor, perhaps with his mouth full of food, indifferent to 
anything around him. Will stand with his head pressed 
against a wall; if made to move, will stagger; cramps and 
delirium may follow. 

TREATMENT.— Give no food and but little water. Give fre- 
quent injections of soft soap and warm water. Give walking exercise. A 
dose of the medicine prescribed for inllammalion of the brain should 
be given, with frequent injections per rectum. Setons should be 
applied to the neck and strong hartshorn liniment to spine and limbs. 
Smear on the root of the tongue, three times a day, physic composed 
of 15 grains of powdered nu.x vomica, one dram of carbonate of iron, 
3 drams of powdered gentian root, mixed with treacle. Do not bleed 
on any account. 

SUNSTROKE. 

Causes. — The heat of the sun or over-exertion in hot 
weather, more common in large cities. 

Symptoms. — The horse will become weak and stupid, 
will stagger and breathe hard. Perspiration will cease and 
the body become dry and hot. He will become uncon- 
scious and death may ensue within an hour or two unless 
relief is obtained. 



TREATMENT.— On first indications stop in a shade, remove har- 
ness and apply cold waierto the head. Immediately wrap the body 
and legs with blankets and pour on hot water for the purpose of bring- 
ing the heat to the surface. If perspiration is re-established, the horse 
will soon recover. Never throw cold water <.>ver the body, nor resort 
to the antiquated method of bleeding. If it leaves him weak with 
unsteady gait, apply strong hartshorn liniment to the limbs with 
vigorous rubbing, and Spanish fly blister to the sides of the neck. 
Injections per rectum of two ounces of aqua ammonia, mixed with one 
pint of raw linseed oil. If the pulse fail, two-dram doses of carbonate 
of ammonia in water, or two-ounce doses of whisky in half a pint of 
water. If the convulsions p-evail, one-half ounce of bromide of 
potassium or one-half ounce of chloral hydrate. 

PARALYSIS. 

Causes. — Straining of the back is the most common 
cause. Or it may be produced by biows or bruises or by 
severe pressure of the halter. 

Symptoms.— Difficulty in drinking as well as chewing 
food. In paralysis of the hinder parts the animal lies in a 
helpless condition. The part affected is without sensation. 
If but one side is paralyzed, the horse drags his legs. 

TREATMENT.— Give ten to fifteen-grain doses of nux vomica 
twice daily. If unable to stand, make him a comfortable bed and turn 
each day. Apply Spanish fly blisters over the part affected after clip- 
ping the hair close; or, relief may be obtained by thoroughly rubbing 
with a strong liniment composed of one part each of arnica, ammonia, 
turpentine, opium, alcohol, to three parts water. 

LOCKJAW. 

Causes. — There are two forms. The idiopathic, the 
milder form, arises from e.vposure to cold from overheat- 
ing, or from derangement of the digestive organs. The 
traumatic is caused by wounds or other injuries, especially 
of the joints or feet. Stepping on nails is the most com- 
mon cause. 

Symptoms. — Difficulty in swallowing, respirations 
rapid, stiff neck and ears, hard muscles, profuse perspira- 
tion, swelling of the neck. The jaws are swollen, and 
usually locked tight within twelve hours. The whole body 
becomes affected, eyes fixed, saliva flows continuously 
from the mouth, bowels costive, urine scanty, no appetite, 
great thirst, but drinks with difficulty. 

TRE.^TMENT.— If the attack is severe and ij caused by a wound, 
it is incurable. The animal should be killed and thus saved from suf- 
fering. But if the case is mild, remove him to a cool, quiet stable; 
apply a linseed poultice to the wound. Give, without delay, a dose 
composed of one ounce of powdered aloes, and two drams each of 
nitre and ginger, made into a ball, and to keep the bowels open, place 
between the back teeth, once a day, one dram of solid extract of bella- 
donnamixed with half a dram of podophyllin. Apply blankets wrung 
out of hot water over the body. Presh cold water and thin oatmeal 
gruel should be kept handy. The horse should be kept very quiet. If 
this treatment fails, inject into the mouth, three times a day, dilute 
prussicacid, first day fifteen drops, increasing five drops each day, till 
you reach one hundred. Under no circumstances resort to bleeding or 
blistering. 



J\J 



Kr 



/ 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



SPINAL MENINGITIS. 

Causes. — This disease results from overcrowding in 
stables, poor ventilation, heavy feeding and insufficient 
exercise. 

Symptoms. — Excitement, twitching of muscles of neck 
and head, rapid breathing, quick pulse and profuse perspira- 
tion, cramps and convulsions, followed by blindness and 
deafness. 



TREATMENT. — Apply to iliebatk and ioin'i a continuous stream 
of cold water, or ice, follow with blisters of Spanish fly. The horse 
should be made comfortable and turned over three or four times a 
day. The following close, morning and evening, may prove ust-ful: 
forty drops of a mixture composed of one grain of atropia, ten drops 
of diluted sulphuric acid and eight ounces of water. Give a strong 
purgative and frequent injections of warm soapsuds. If the urine 
is stubborn, it should be withdrawn with a catlieter. Give three 
times a day three drams bromide of potash diluted with two parts 
water. 



Diseases of the Respiratory Organs. 



CATARRH, OR COMMON COLD. 

Causes. — Exposure to snow and rain storms and cold 
drafts of air, neglecting to dry the body thoroughly after 
washing, or allowing to stand after vigorous exercise with- 
out covering with blanket. 

Symptoms. — Loss of appetite, redness of nose and eyes, 
watery discharge of mucous at first, which in a day or two 
becomes yellow. Dullness, coughing, sneezing, rapid 
pulse and breathing, known as nasal gleet when it becomes 
chronic. 

TREATiMENT.— Place in a coo., well ventilated stable, put on a 
blanket and apply friction lo the lejjs. Give soft feed. Give twice each 
day a teaspoonful of saltpetre. If the throat is sore, apply once a day, 
until blistered, equal parts turpentine, linseed oil and ammonia. 

NASAL GLEET. 

Causes. ^The usual result of neglected or obstinate 
catarrh. 

Symptoms, — Discharge from one or both nostrils of a 
slimy yellowish and offensive matter. Frequent snorting, 
and coughing. Appetite uncertain. The general health 
is not seriously affected. 

TRE.^TMENT.— Iniect into the nose, twice a day, a solution of 
one dram carbolic acid to a half pint of water. Give once a day, in 
the feed, one-half dram each of powdered sulphate of zinc, and sul- 
phate of copper, three drams of powdered gentian root mixed with 
flaxseed meal. 

SORE THROAT, OR LARYNGITIS. 

Causes. — It results from exposure. Often accompa- 
nies catarrh or nasal gleet. 

Symptoms. — Swelling inside or outside of the throat, 
tender to the touch, dry and painful; cough becomes 
loose and rattling, after a few days breathing and pulse 
rapid. Discharge from the nose. Great difficulty in 
swallowing, the water when drinking frequently coming 
back through the nostrils. 

TRE.\TMENT.— Place the horse in a cool stable, avoiding drafts, 
clothe warmly. The head may be steamed, or rub the throat thoroughly 
with mustard and lard, and then wrap well with woolen rag; or 
warm poultices of linseed and bran meal may be applied to the 
throat. 



BRONCHITIS. 

Causes — An affection of the windpipe, and bronchial 
tubes, and often reaches the lungs. Generally a sequel of 
sore throat, and produced by the same causes. 

Symptoms. — Are similar to sore throat. The animal 
dull, great thirst, loss of appetite, imperfect circulation, 
indicated by cold ears and legs 

TREATMENT.— Follow treatment prescribed for sore throat. If 
there is fever, give six doses, every two hours each, of ten drops of 
tincture of aconite and plenty of fresh colil water. 

CONGESTION OF LUNGS. 

Causes. — Severe exertions, hard running, after several 
days or weeks of inaction or exposure to sudden and 
severe cold. Severe attack almost invariably followed by 
inflammation of the lungs. 

Svmp ti)MS. — Quick, loud breathing, wide nostrils, eyes 
bloodshot, and nose of deep red or blue color. Legs cold, 
sweating; the horse looks to be in great pain. Pulse faint, 
but quick. 

TREATMENT.— Remove harness or anything which interferes 
with breathing. Remove to a cool stable, fresh air. Give strong stim- 
ulants, 2 ounces each of aromatic spirit of ammonia and tincture of 
ginger in half pint of water, repeated every hour. Apply whisky or 
alcohol, with equal parts of water, with friction, to the limbs. A 
blanket wrung out of very hot water will be useful. Give frequent 
warm injections per rectum. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS 

Causes. — ^Inflammation is generally the sequel of con- 
gestion. Is sometimes combined with Bronchitis. 

Symptoms. — Loss of spirits, a rush of blood to the 
lungs, a chill followed by fever, full pulse, quick breathing 
25 to 30 respirations per minute, hot and clammy mouth 
Breathing changes to panting, nostrils wide, usually no 
cough, loss of appetite, urine scanty and high colored. 
Ears and legs cold, body hot. By applying the ear to the 
side a rough grating sound of the air in passing over the 
inflamed portion of the lungs can be heard. 

TREATMENT.— Follow treatment prescribed for sore throat, 
bandage legs. Frequent warm water injections. Give tincture of 
aconite root, ten drops every two hours, it^ustard poultice to chest. 



JK- 



-A 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



After acor.ile, give, every three Imurs, i ounce each of aromatic 
spirits of ammonia and sweet spirits of nitre in one-half pint of cold 
water. Plenty of fresh water and soft feed. If convenient separate 
him from other horses. 

PLEURISY. 

Causes — Inflammation of the membrane called the 
pleura, which lines the inside of the chest and covers the 
lungs. If accompanied by Pneumonia it is called Pleuro- 
pneumonia, often is caused by exposure to cold or wet, 
especially by drafts in stable when the horse comes in 
heated by work. 

Symptoms. — Much resemble those of inflammation of 
the lungs. A chill followed by fever. Breathing rapid; 
short, painful cough. Pressure with finger between the 
ribs causes the animal pain. Pulse 50 to 70 per minute, 
loss of appetite. Ridge along the lower edges of the 
ribs. 

TRE.\TMENT.— Same as sore Ihroat and for inflammation of the 
lungs. Give, on llie Lliird day, a la.xative, 4 drams of aloes, one-half 
dram of podophyllin, and 3 drams of nitre, made into a ball. Give, 
m.:)rningand evening, for two days, t scruple of powdered digitalis 
and one-half ounce each of nitre and powdered juniper berries. Feed 
lightly. Give for a tonic, twice each day, i dram of tincture of 
gentian and i dram of tincture of iron. 

HEAVES OR BROKEN WIND. 

Causes. — Feeding on dry, dusty hay; over-exertion on 
a full stomach. The usual cause is rapid driving (espe- 
cially after being kept in stable several days without exer- 
cise), and if kept up, a rupture of the lung tissue may be 
the result. 

SvMiToMS. — Dry, hacking cough, irregular and difficult 
breathing, and jerking of the flanks. A wheezing sound 
is heard in the lungs by placing the ear against the side. 

TREATMENT. — It is incurable, but may be relieved by giving 
nutritive food in small bulk; cut-hay of the best quality mi.\ed with 



oats and water. Avoid timothy hay or any dry, dusty feed. Slightly 
wet everything he eats. Give, once a day for a week, in steamed or 
sloppy food, 2 ounces of flaxseed meal and 2 ounces of powdered 
lobelia seed. Discontinue a week and then repeat. 

THICK WIND. 

Causes. — When the mucous membrane of the wind- 
pipe thickens, hard and labored breathing follows. It is 
generally caused by the animal having suffered from 
repeated bronchitis or inflammation of the lungs. 

Symptoms. — The breathing is short and fast, particu- 
larly when violently exercised, or in heavy orup-hill work. 
Cough short and hacking, or dry. 

TREATMENT. — This disease is generally pronounced incurable, 
but some relief may be given by following a similar treatment to that 
given for broken wind. Extract of belladonna, 2 drams, and 
Fowler's solution of arsenic, one-half ounce, given twice daily during 
alternate weeks. 

COUGHS. 

Causes. — All affections and inflammation of the 
larynx and bronchial tubes are accompanied by a cough, 
and may differ according to the part affected ; and often 
remain as a permanent or chronic result, which latter is 
almost incurable. Coughs often follow diseases of the 
liver. 

Sy'MPTOMS. — Loud and forcible expulsion of air from 
the lungs. A strong, full cough, generally followed by sneez- 
ing, denotes health. When short, hacking, or less strong, 
indicates inflammation of the throat; while if deep, hol- 
low and resonant, the irritation is in the chest. 

TRE.\TMENT. — Coughs being depender.t on causes. In short, 
the cause must be removed; then, and only then, will the cough cease. 
It is very difficult to give course of treatment; though when cough is 
recent, bathe the throat well— up as far as the ears— at same time give 
internally, night and morning, in soft food^ one of twelve powders 
composed of one and one-half ounces gum camphor, one ounce of digi- 
talis, two ounces linseed meal, powdered and mixed. 



Diseases of the Digestive Organs. 



CRIB BITING. 

If habitual, the central incisors will show wear. The 
grunting sound produced in swallowing the air is called 
wind-sucking. 

TREATMEXT.— Place the horse in stall with very low mang^er, 
and lii^h liayrack and window. Place salt within reach, and remove 
all projecting objects. 

THE TEETH 

Causes. — Bad teeth frequently cause diseases of grave 
difficulties. Disease or injury of the jaw causes bad teeth, 
and frequently they are broken by stones which are found 
in -oats. 

Symptoms — The pain will cause the horse to hold his 
head to one side while chewing, or while drinking cold 



water. Sometimes there is an offensive discharge, which 
may be mistaken for glanders or nasal gleet. 

TREATMENT.— If the edges get sharp, or if one projects over 
another, use the tooth rasp. No use to till cavities. Better extract 
the bad teeth and fill up the socket with gutta percha. If colts do 
not shed old teeth as the new appear, the old should be extracted, and 
thus afford room for the new set to grow. 

WOLF TEETH, 

Causes — These are two small teeth, one of which is 
inserted immediately in front of each upper row of molars. 

TREATMENT.— As they are of no value, extract them with a pair 
of strong pincers; and, when the bleeding has ceased, wash with 
alum water. 



-7# 



LOSS OF APPETITE. 

Is an indication of internal disease or severe pain; or 
it may be the result of insufficient exercise. 

TuEATiviENT.— Change of diet. A laxative of ten ounces of glauber 
salts in a pint of warm water; add an ounce u( ground ginger. Place 
salt handy. Give reasonable exercise. 

INDIGESTION. 

Causes. — Feeding too soon after severe e.xertion. The 
horse should not be fed before resting one-half hour. Sudden 
changes of food from green to dry, from bulky to reverse. 
Unsound grain or hay. Too much strong nourishing food 
with too little exercise. Bad teeth. Overwork. This disease 
is not very common among horses. 

Symptoms. —Loss of spirits, unthrifty appearanoe, 
tongue and mouth coated and slimy, hide bound — manure 
yellow and offensive, pawing and switching with his tail. 
Showing- signs of colic. Gradual loss of appetite and 
wasting away of flesh. 

Tre,\tment.— First ascertain if the cause is bad teeth or unsuita- 
ble food and remedy the defect. Change diet. Feed frequently steamed 
or boiled food, but avoid feeding corn. Place salt, magnesia or 
powdered chalk within reach. If case is severe, give purgative fol- 
lowed by tonic in soft feed of one-half ounce each of carbonate of 
soda, gentian and ginger; repeat the dose morning and evening for a 
week. Discontinue a week and repeat. Give him a thorough groom- 
ing every day and abundant exercise. If the proper season, turn him 
in the pasture for two or three months. 

SPASMODIC COLIC. 

Causes. — Is often caused by some indigestible matter 
which irritates the lining membrane of the bowels. Expos- 
ure to cold and wet constipation, overfeeding and over- 
work. Large numbers of worms, intestinal tumors, drink- 
ing large quantities of cold water while in a heated condi- 
tion. 

.Symptoms. — Uneasiness, pawing, raising hind feet 
towards the bowels, getting up and down frequently, roll- 
ing around, grinding teeth, sweating profusely as the symp- 
toms increase in severity. It is sometimes followed by 
inflammation of the bowels, which is generally fatal. 

Treatment. — Give injection of warm water and a little soap. 
Give as one dose one-half ounce of chloroform in one quart raw lin- 
seed oil. If this does not soon bring relief, give four grains of mor- 
phine dissolved in one-half pint of water. Apply friction to the abdo- 
men, give as astimulant every half hour three ounces of whisky and 
one ounce tincture of ginger in one half pint of water. If the pain 
continues three or four hours, inflammation has probably set in and the 
treatment prescribed for inflammation of the bowels should be fol- 
lowed. 

FLATULENT OR WINDY COLIC. 

Causes. — Are similar to those of the former disease. 
Acute indigestion — fermentation of indigested food, caus- 
ing bloating and severe pain. 

Symptoms. — Frequent eructation of wind through the 
mouth. Discharge of dung with gas. Profuse sweating, 



rolling, kicking, haggard appearance. If the bowels are 
greatly distended the lungs may be forced into so small a 
compass as to cause suffocation. 

Treatment. — Apply friction and hot water rags to the belly. 
Warm water injections, being careful not to rupture the intestines 
with syringe. Walking exercise. Alkalies to neutralize the gases. 
Give every half hour three drams of aqua ammonia in a pint of cold 
water. As the pains subside, give the dose once an hour till they 
disappear. A dose of one ounce each of sweet sprits of nitre, tincture 
of ginger, tincture of gentian and laudanum in one half pint of cold 
water, will often give relief. If medicines fail, as a last resort call 
a veterinary doctor orany person competent to use the trochar and 
cannula in puncturing the abdomen to tap the intestine which is dis- 
tended with gas. 

DIARRHCEA 

C.\USES. — Sudden change from dry to green la.xative 
food; new hay, worms, exposure to cold and wet, bad state 
of blood. May result from indigestible food which irri- 
tates the bowels. 

Symptoms. — Frequent and abundant watery discharges 
generally acompanied with straining. Thirst, low tem- 
perature, pulse feeble, clammy mouth, poor appetite, 
cold ears and legs, grinding of teeth. 

TRE.\TMENT. — Ascertain the cause and remove it. Make a com- 
plete change in food. If due to indigestion give laxative dose, three 
to lour drams of aloes and one ounce each of bicarbonate of soda 
and ginger. No exercise. If this fail, give every three hours, one 
ounce each of tincture of ginger, prepared chalk, compound tincture 
of gentian and one dram opium. 

CONSTIPATION OR COSTIVENESS. 

Causes. — Inaction of liver. Too much dry food, and 
insufficient supply of water, lack of exercise, or it may be 
due to weakness of the bowels. 

Symptoms. — Small discharges of dry, hard, dark col- 
ored dung. Slimy and stringy with mucus. Colicy pains 
are felt at intervals. 

TREATMENT.— Give frequent warm water and soap injections. 
If colicy pains increase, give laxative medicines. Change diet to sloppy 
food. Occasional bran mashes, daily exercise. In summer gi\'e 
grass. 

ENTERITiS,OR INFLAMMATION. 

The mucous lining of the bowels is affected. 

Causes. — Over-feeding, indigestible and irritating sub- 
stances in the bowels. Constipation, cold settling in bow- 
els. Prolonged case of colic. 

Symptoms. — Continuous and increasing pain, profuse 
perspiration, great restlessness, loss of appetite, thirst, 
quick breathing, pulse 70 to go, cold extremities. It is 
usually taken for colic. With colic the pain is inter- 
mittent and the horse throws himself down. With inflam- 
mation the pain is incessant and the horse lies down care- 
fully. 

TREATMENT.— Genuine cases are usually fatal. Frequent warm 
injections, ope pint doses of linseed oil with one half o-^ince tincture 
nux vomica every hour. Alternate with four grains morphia. Apply 



Id. 



\ 



V 



K" 



"TT 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



hot blankets to the abdomen every few minutes to draw the blood to 
the surface, follow with a strong^ mustard poultice. Give every hour 
doses of ten drops of tincture of aconite root until relief is obtained. 

PERITONITIS 

Is inflammation of the peritoneum or outer covering 
of the bowel. 

CAtJSES. — This disease often accompanies inflammation 
of the mucous membrane, or may arise from exposure or ex- 
ternal bruises or cuts. 

Symptoms. — Rapid and painful breathing, quick pulse, 
chills followed by fever, cold legs and ears, belly tuclced 
up, urine and dung scanty, swollen intestines. 

TREATMENT.— Follow treatmient prescribed for inflammation of 
the bowels. 



WORMS. 

Causes. — Several kinds of worms are frequently found 
in the rectum and sometimes in the colon. When they ex- 
ist in large numbers they are quite injurious to the horse. 

Symptoms. — Their presence is seldom detected unless 
they are very numerous. Appetite usually ravenous, de- 
pression of spirits, loss of flesh and strength, staring coat, 
hide bound, passage of worms with dung, licking of side, 
rubbing nose on wall and general restlessness produced by 
the irritation of the worms in anus and rectum. 

TREATMENT.-Frequent change of diet. Place salt handy. 
Give morning and evening for a week i dram sulphate of iron, i dram 
tarter emetic and 3 drams of powdered gentian with the food. Then 
give a purgative composed of one pint linseed oil (raw), one ounce 
of turpentine and 2 drams of ginger. Repeat the dose in three weeks, 
by which time the eggs adhering to the sides of the intestines will have 
hatched. 



Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 



NEPHRITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF THE 
KIDNEYS. 

Not very common among horses. 

Causes. — Excessive use of nitre or other diuretic medi- 
cines, etc , eating injurious herbs with the grass, such as 
ranunculae, eating musty hay or other unsound feed, ex- 
posure to cold especially when vpater from the eaves drips 
on the loins. 

Symptoms — Quick and hard pulse, rapid respiration, 
profuse sweating ; constipation; urine scanty, discharged 
with much pain, slimy and mixed with matter and blood. 
In walking the legs straddle; pressure of the loins gives 
severe pain. 

TREATMENT.— Give internally a quart of raw linseed oil. If 
there is no movement of the bowels in 8 hours, repeat. Give 10 drops 
of tincture of aconite root every hour, until the symptoms are im- 
proved. Apply hot cloths to the loins continuously, until the conges- 
tion is relieved, follow with mustard poultice. Give warm injections 
per rectum every hour. Give the horse all he will drink of cold lin- 
seed tea and slippery elm bark. If possible, induce perspiration by 
clothing very warmly. Feed lightly with soft laxative food, avoid 
giving resin or nitre in any form. 

CYSTITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF THE 
BLADDER. 

Causes. — Usually the same causes that produce inflam- 
mation of the kidneys; the internal use of Spanish fly, or 
too liberal use of turpentine or Spanish fly blisters over the 
loins. 

Symptoms — Similar to those of inflammation of the 
kidneys. If the neck of the bladder is affected, the urine 
can not be retained but escapes involuntarily. 

TREATMENT.— Same as for inflammation of the kidneys. 

DYSURIA, OR RETENTIVE URINE. 

Causes. — Spasms or paralysis of the neck of the blad- 
der, caused by long retention of the urine, by lockjaw, 
colic, rheumatism, or by stone or tumor in neck of bladder. 



Symptoms. — Frequent attempts to urinate, colicy pains. 
Through the rectum the bladder may be felt full of urine. 

TREATMENT.— Give frequent warm water injections and empty 
the bladder by passing in the catheter. Give every half hour i once 
of laudanum and % ounce each of tincture of belladona and aromatic 
spirits of ammonia in !4 pint of cold water, .^pply hot blankets to 
loins and abdomen. 

DIABETES, OR PROFUSE STALING. 

Causes. — Musty oats or hay or other unsound food, ex- 
cessive use of nitre or resin. Indigestion inducing thirst, 
causing the animal to drink very large quantities of water. 

Symptoms. — Frequent and excessive discharge of urine 
as clear as water; great thirst; capricious appetite; emaci- 
ation; loss of strength and spirits; constipation; slight 
fever; licking the walls, showing a craving for lime. 

TREATMENT. — A complete change of food. Turn out to grass 
if convenient. Give linseed tea instead of water to drink, with a little 
bi-carbonate of soda in it. Give thrice daily a ball composed of Ys 
dram each of iodide of potassiodine and alum, 3 drams of linseed meal, 
mixed to make a ball. 

CALCULI, OR STONE IN THE BLADDER. 

Causes, — The vegetable acids in the food become, by di- 
gestion, carbonic acid, which, by combining with magnesia 
and lime in the blood, is transformed into calculi. This 
transformation is seldom effected except when there is a 
scarcity of water in the system. It may be caused by profuse 
sweating, prolonged attack of fever, dysentery or diarrhcea. 

Symptoms. — Sometimes the urine is bloody. There is 
a straddling gait and colicky pains. Straining in passing 
urine, caused by the obstruction in the passage. 

TRE.A.TMENT.— To remove the stones, secure the services of a 
surgeon, and to prevent their return, feed liberally on grass in the 
summer and roots in the winter. Give abundant pure and soft water. 
If the water is hard, the mineral substance can be eliminated by apply- 
ing the ashes of hard wood or by potash or caustic soda. If there is 
little inclination to drink, increase the supply of common salt. 



-\J 



Diseases of the Eye. 



SUPERFICIAL INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE. 

Causes.— By cold and damp; by foreign substances in 
the eye, such as hayseed, lime, cinders, hair or by a stroke 
of a whip, or from inflammation of the membrane lining 
the inner surface of the eyelids. 

Symptoms — Swollen eyelids, copious flow of tears, 
red and inflamed lining, eyes nearly closed, sensitive to 

light. 

TREATMENT.— Carefully remove the object which irritates, 
sponge the eye and eyelids with warm millt and water. Place the 
horse in a darkened stall, and apply three times a day a portion o( a 
mixture of 2 drams each of laudanum and fluid extract of belladonna 
and I pint of rain water. 

SPECKS OR FILMS ON THE EYE. 

Causes. — Generally the result of inflammation of the 
eye or of wounds on the eye-ball. 

Symptoms, — Extended spots of dull-colored or whitish 
appearance, which interfere with sight and often cause the 

horse to shy. 

TREATMENT.— In the early stages blow into the eye once or 
twice a day a portion of i part of calomel and 2 parts of white sugar fine- 
ly powdered; and apply twice a day with camel's-hair brush a jiortion of 
solution of 3 grains of nitrate of silver in an ounce of distilled water. 
If these specks result from a wound, they are not generally removable. 

PERIODIC OPHTHALMIA, OR MOON 
BLINDNESS. 
Causes. — Is often caused by want of ventilation and 
drainage in the stables. Is frequently hereditary, some- 
times comes with shedding teeth, and is peculiar to coarse- 



bred horses. Is more common in the West. It invariably 
runs into cataract. 

Sv.MPTOMs. — Eylids inflamed. Pus formed as result of 
inflammation. Signs of fever often manifest. Abundant 
discharge of hot tears. Eyes closed to avoid the light. 
Urine scanty, costive, and poor appetite. 

TRE.'VTMENT. — Keep the horse in darkened stall, give a purga- 
tive, bathe the eyes frequently with warm water. Apply between the 
lids three times a day a portion 'if the following: Nitrate of silvers 
grains, water i ounce. 

CATARACT. 

C.-\USES. — Repeated attacks of periodic ophthalmia, or 
from old age. The common result of all inflammatory 
diseases of the eye. 

Symptoms. — The pupil of the eye is dilated and filled 
with a speck or white lines. 

TREATMENT.— In the early stages the eye may be cleared up 
by giving a purgative followed by tonics. When developed, no treat- 
ment will do any good. 

AMAUROSIS OR GLASS EYE. 

Causes. — Due to some disease of the optic nerve, or 
retina Results from injury to the brain, from falls, 
bruises or excessive fever. 

Symptoms — A sudden change from darkness to strong 
light, or the reverse, causes no expansion or contraction of 
the pupil If only one eye is affected the action of the 
horse may not be changed; if both, the head and feet are 
lifted high when walking. 

TREATMENT.— A cure cannot be hoped for unless the cause can 
be wholly removed. 



Diseases of the Skin. 



SURFEIT. 

Causes. — High feeding with little exercise, sudden at- 
mospheric changes, exposure, perspiration too suddenly 
checked. It is an effort of nature to work off the impuri- 
ties of the blood. 

Symptoms. — Surface of skin rough and scabby; some 
times considerable itching. The general health of the 
horse seems to be little affected. 

TREATMENT.— Blanket the horse, give bran mashes, steamed 
food, feed lightly, give a purgative, and give a sufficient amount of 
exercise each day. 

MANGE. 

Cause. — This disease is caused by insects which burrow 
in the skin. Mange is contagious by contact. 

Symptoms. — The skin becomes scaly and rough with 
pimples and blisters, especially on the neck, rump and 
tail. Hair falls off 



TRE.^TMENT.- Wash the affected parts with warm water and 
soap, when dry apply and rub well with a solution composed of 4 
ouncesflour of sulphur in }^ pint of linseed oil. Give loosening food 
and purgative. In summer give abundant green grass. Give, morning 
and evening, among the food 1 tablespoonful of Fowler's solution of 
arsenic. Give spcc-al attention to cleanliness of horseand stable. 

HIDE-BOUND. 

Causes. — A general unthrifty condition caused by ex- 
posure to bad weather; chronic diseases; derangement of 
the organs of digestion ; poor or insufficient food ; dis- 
eased teeth; abuse or any other cause that affects the gen- 
eral health of the animal. 

Symptoms — The skin is dry and lies tight to the ribs; 
the hair is full of dandruff, has lost its gloss and is turned 
the wrong way. 

TRE.\TMENT.— The simplest and most effective treatment is to 
ascertain the cause, and remove it. If the eJges of teeth are sharp, 
usethe rasp. If properly fed, sheltered and exercised the animal will 
soon begin to thrive. 



1^ 



~A 



i^ 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



CRACKED HEELS OR SCRATCHES. 

Causes. — Want of cleanliness, in cold and wet weather. 

Symptoms. — Cracks in the skin of the heels, generally 
of the hinder limbs, accompanied with more or less swell- 
ing. When dry the parts are hot and painful to the touch. 

TREATMENT. — Give special attention to cleanliness. Keep the 
parts warm with flannel bandages. Apply equal parts of lard and alum 
or an ointment of i ounce sulphur, 2 ounces tar and 3 ounces simple 
cerate. Give soft feed. 

WARTS. 
Symptoms. — Hardening of the cuticle, with development 
of semi-fibrous tumors, which are rooted in the skin. 



TREATMENT.— The larger warts which project from the surface 
of the skin may be removed by strong waited thread tied tightly round 
the base. Warts having a broad base may be removed with a knife, 
and the Weeding stopped by the touch of a hot iron, or they may be 
cauterized with lunar caustic. They may be removed by applyin;: 
lunar caustic once a day. When burned keep them covered with fiesli 
lard. 

LICE. 

C..\USES. — Neglect of cleanliness. Contact with lousy 
horses. Will often come in blankets, brush, currycomb, 
or anything that has been used on lousy horses. 

TREATMENT. — Wash well with soapsuds and make an applica- 
tion with A stiff brush of a strong infusion of tobacco steeped in water 
for one or two hours. Burn all the hairs that come off in grooming* 
and keep the hens away from the stable. 



Diseases of the Feet and Legs. 



FOUNDER OR LAMINITIS. 

Causes. — Inflammation of the inner wall of the hoot, 
called horny leaves or laminas, caused by sudden changes 
of temperature, over-exertion on hard roads, too much 
cold water, or by standing in draft while heated. 

Symptoms. — Sudden fever, great tenderness of feet, in- 
clination to stand in one place and to throw weight of body 
on hind feet. Profuse sweating, loss of appetite. 

TREATMENT. — Remove shoes and pare down rim of hoof till he 
can stand on the frog and sole, but do not pare away any of the sole or 
frog. Put the feet in poultices of linseed meal and bran. If much ten- 
derness prevails, scarify the skin above the hoof and give him a hot 
foot bath to induce bleeding before applying the linseed poultice. 
Wrap the legs with flannel. Reduce the fever by giving ten drops 
of aconite root every hour for 6 or 8 hours. Feed lightly on soft 
feed, scalded oats or fresh cut grass. 

WOUNDS IN THE FEET. 

Causes. — Nails, glass or pieces of iron getting into the 
feet. Sometimes in shoeing, an awkward workman drives 
a nail in the wrong direction. 

Symptoms. — Lameness, bleeding, hot feet; the horse is 
feverish and rests a good deal on his toe. 

TRE.\TMENT. — Remove the cause and apply poultice of linseed 
meal and bran. If this does not give relief apply equal parts of 
tincture of myrrh and tincture of aloes. 

QUITTOR. 

Causes. — Fistula of the coronet, may be caused by 
corns, or wounds, or when gravel or dirt gets into fissures 
between the sole and the wall. It may also result from 
over-reachings and treads. 

Symptoms. — Lameness, swelling, tenderness, heat and 
discharge of pus in some instances. 

TREATMENT.— Remove the cause and then apply a fla.xseed 
poultice to the foot. If caused by a corn, cut it down, inject to the 
point where the pus is formed, twice a day for a week, a portion of a 
solution of one part corrosive sublimate and twenty parts alcohol , 



CRACKS IN THE HOOF. 

Causes. — Dryness and softness in the hoof, alternating, 
faulty shoeing, too much rasping of the wall. 

TREATMENT.— After removing the shoe, tlie edges of the crack 
should be rounded off, without cutting into the depth of the crack. 
Cleanse the parts and apply linseed poultice. To keep out dirt, fill 
the crack with shoemaker's wax. Apply a light bar shoe, if the split 
extends the length of the hoof. Remove the bearing of the wall of the 
hoof from the split backward if the split is in the quarter near the 
heel, otherwise about half an inch each side of the split. 

CONTRACTION. 

Causes. — Is generally the effect of some other disease 
and accompanies nearly all chronic diseases of the feet, or 
may result from them. Long confinement in stable will 
bring it on. Imperfect rasping and ^hoeing, or allowing 
shoes to remain on too long without re-setting or putting 
on new pair. 

Symptoms. — The heels are drawn together, often to the 
extent of overlapping, the frog hard and dry and contracted. 
Sometimes the contraction is only on one side of the hoof. 
TRE.^TMENT. — Remove the shoes and pare down rim of hoof. 
Place on moist earthen floor, allow him to run out of doors on soft ground, 
if summer time place in pasture. Apply ointments. If re-shod use 
plain shoes witfiout calks. 

NAVICULAR DISEASE. 

Causes. — Diseased condition of the navicular bone 
caused by overwork, sprain of the lower part of the tendon, 
concussion, bruises on the heels and frog, improper shoe- 
ing, and the same causes that produce contraction. 

Symptoms. — Largely the same as those of contraction. 
Horse points the foot forward while standing. A short, 
tripping gait, with tendency to stumble, caused by walking 
on his toes. The lameness decreases after the horse has 
been driven a distance. The shoes will be found worn 
most at the toes. 

TREATMENT.— Follow treatment prescribed for contraction. 
After removing shoes and paring hoof, place the foot in a hot linseed 
poultice, changing twice a day, and continue for ten days. 



/V 



•f c 






-A 



lO 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



CORNS. 

Causes. — Allowing too long a period between shoeing. 
A horse should be shod or shoes re-set every month. 

Symptoms. — Lameness, heat, tenderness. In severe 
cases swelling of the coronet, with formation of pus. An 
inclination to walk on tlie heel more than on the toe. 

TRE.\TMENT— Remove the shoe, and if there is much lameness or 
tenderness and swelling, pare down the corn to the quick, but be careful 
ni>t to start blood. If pus is found, apply fla.xsecd poultice. Ifthecase 
IS very obstinate, apply a bar shoe. After some tow dipped in tar has 
been placed in the cavity of the corn, be careful to rest or renew the 
shoeing every three or four weeks. 

CALKS. 

C-\usES. — Bruises or wounds of the coronet of the heels, 
caused by one foot stepping on the other, usually while 
backing with a heavy load, or while driving in deep, thick 
mud. 

TREATMENT.— Cleanse the parts with warm water. Clip the hair 
short round the injured parts and pare away all ragged edges. Apply 
warm poultice. In slight cases apply a coat of tar. If in healing proud 
flesh should appear, apply powdered sulphate of copper, or tincture of 
iron, or powdered sulphate of zinc. 

THRUSH. 

C.vi'sES — Ulceration of the frog of the foot which some- 
times rots off, caused by the horse standing in decaying 
filth or in manure and urine, which starts the decay by ex- 
cluding the air from the foot for a long time. 

Symptoms. — More or less lameness, tenderness of the 
frog, a discharge of a black offensive pus between the heels. 
TREATMENT.— Thoroughly cleanse the feet, removing all decayed 
matter, being careful not to wound the foot, which might induce 
blood poisoning if puscomes in contact with fresh wound. Apply fta.\seed 
poultice. Renew every day until it is dried up and then apply oakum 
dipped in tar. Keep the horse on a dry floor, or if worked keep him 
on dry ground. 

RINGBONE. 

C.\USES. — Enlargement of the pastern bones around the 
upper or lower pastern joint from deposit of bony matter 
in the form of a ring around the leg, from which it derives 
its name. May be caused by a sprain, cut or bruise, which 
induces inflammation on or near the bone. 

Symptoms. — In the early stage there is inflammation of 
the surrounding membrane of the bone, swelling of the ad- 
joining parts; lameness, especially on hard ground. 

TRE.\T.MENT.— In the early stages, reduce the inflammation with 
hot baths. Follow with several apolications each day of equal parts of 
nitrate of potash, ammonia and water and then apply blisters. If it 
does not yield to thistreatment, cauterize with a hot iron. 

SPAVIN. 

Causes. — Sprains of the hock joint in slipping, jump- 
ing or pulling heavy loads, or caused by bruising the 
joint. 

Sympto.ms. — The enlargement may be seen on the 
lower part of the inner side of the back joint, by standing 
at the side of the horse, near the shoulder. Stiffness and 
lameness which decrease as he becomes heated with exer- 



cise — starts off on the to: of the foot. There is but little 
swelling until it reaches the second stage, when a bony 
enlargement is observed. 

TREATMENT. — In the early stages, it may be cured by vigorous 
treatment to remove the inflammation which may be done by persistent 
application of hot water or fla.\sced poultices. The treatment should 
be similar to that prescribed for ringbone. 

SPLINT. 

Causes. — Jumping, running, bruises, or kicks on the 
shank bone, a tendency to bony enlargements. 

Symptoms. — Lameness when trotting. One or more 
small bony enlargements will appear on the inner side of 
the shank between the shank and splint-bone. These 
become united in time. There is swelling and tenderness. 
If not near the knee joint they are no permanent detriment. 

TREATMENT. -When the injury first occurs, apply either hot or 
cold water to reduce the inflammation; follow with tincture of arnica 
until the soreness is gone, then rub well two or three timesa day with 
liniment composed of two parts t'ncture iodine to one part each turpen- 
tine and ammonia. Give the ani.nal two or three weeks' rest. 

SPRAINS OF THE BACK TENDONS. 

Causes. — Severe sprains from leaping and galloping, or 
unusual exertion on hard roads; may be caused by over- 
work. 

SVMPTOM.s. — Severe lammcss, with swelling and sore- 
ness, and with a tendency to rest the foot on the toe. 
Sometimes knotty tumors will appear all along the cords. 
In case of long standing there will be a thickening of the 
ligaments and tendons. 

TREATMENT,— Apply hot water continuously until relieved of 
inflammation and soreness; after which rub well with a hniment com- 
posed of equal parts of ammonia, turpentine, arnica and opium diluted 
with three parts of water. Keep the hmb tightly wrapped with 
woolen bandages. Allow the animal to rest until all lameness has 
disappeared. 

SHOULDER LAMENESS AND SWEENY. 

Causes. — Shoulder lameness is sometimes due to rheu- 
matism, but is usually caused by a sprain of the muscles 
of the shoulder blade in slipping or falling, or by sudden 
starting and over-exertion in pulling heavy loads. While 
shoulder lameness is very common, sweeny is rare. The 
latter is a wasting away of the muscles of the shoulder 
blade. 

Symptoms. — The first symptom noted is lameness. 
The animal endeavors in walking to carry forward the 
shoulders and legs together without any movement of the 
knee-joint. In severe cases the leg can not be lifted over 
an obstacle a foot from the ground. There is swelling and 
soreness. Unless relief is soon obtained, the heads of 
the bones befome affected, causing permanent lameness. 

TREATMENT.— Should be similar to that prescribed for sprains 
of the back tendons. After the application of hot fermentations fol- 
lowed by a strong liniment, if relief is not obtained, apply a blister of 
one part powdered cantharides mi.xed with four parts lard. If this 
fail, setons may be used, but avoid the use of hot irons. In mild rases 
use strong hartshorn liniment. Sweeny may result from some disease 
of the lower parts of the limbs. 



\1- 



-XJ 



CURB. 

Causes.' — A sprain of the tendon which passes over and 
a little above the hock, frequently caused by backing a 
horse with too heavy a load, or by severe exertions in run- 
ning and jumping. 

Symptoms. — A curve or bulging is noticed on the lower 
portion and back of the hock from a side view. There is 
swelling, tenderness and lameness. 

TREATMENT. —Follow treatment prescribed for sprains. 
Remove shoes and re-set with heel elevated, after which give the 
animal abundant rest. 

WIND-GALLS. 

Causes. — Horses which are overworked frequently 
have enlargements around the fetlock joint, varying in 
size from a pea to a hen's egg, caused by too great a 
secretion by the synovial glands. 

TREATMENT.— Wrap the parts well and keep the bandages wet 
with a decoction of wliite oalc bark. If this doc3 not remove them in 
long-standinjj cases, apply liniment, followed by blisters. 

HIP LAMENESS. 

Causes. — Leaping, galloping, severe efforts in heavy 
soil, but most usually caused by the points of the hip 
striking against door-posts. In falling, the hip is generally 
the first point to strike. 

Symptoms. — In severe cases the muscles will waste 
away. The horse-usually goes forward in a stiff, dragging 
manner, with short steps. There is usually a slight swell- 
ing of the injured parts. 

TREATMENT.— Should be similar to any other sprain, using weak 
cr strong liniments and blisters, according to the degree of injury. As 
in all cases of sprain, give abundant rest. Do not apply setons 
c::cept in stubborn cases. 

STIFLED. 

Causes. — A derangement or dislocation of the stifle cap 
or patella, caused by slipping and twisting the limb at the 
same time; this is peculiar to colts when the ligaments 
connected with the patella are in a rela.xed state. 

Sympto.ms. — In cases of dislocation, the limb will pro- 
trude backward. In moving, the horse drags the limb 
affected. As the dislocation is inward, the limb is held 
upward and forward. 

TREATMENT.- Attach a rope to the pastern, pulling the limb for- 
ward and outward, the knee-pan can be put into its place by pushing 
toward the flank of the horse. The part should then be bathed continu- 
ously for an hour or more with a strong solution of vinegar and salt. 
When the inflammation is reduced, apply a blister. The animal should 
wear high-heel shoes until recovered. 

CAPPED ELBOW AND HOCK. 

Causes. — Is a bruising of the points and elbow of the 
hock, usually caused by kicking or lying down, by letting 
the elbow come directly on the floor, or by bruising the 
elbow with a shoe. They are usually seen on high spirit- 
ed horses, which become nervous from lack of sufficient 
exercise. 



Symptoms. — Swelling, with tenderness and soreness 
to the touch, but not usually accompanied with lameness. 
A repetition of the injury will often induce inflammation, 
or the swelling may sometimes become hardened. 

TREATMENT.— As in all cases of bruises, apply hot water for an 
hour or two to remove inflammation. After rubbing dry, apply a lini- 
ment composed of equal parts of arnica, ammonia and opium, diluted 
with three parts water. Apply this solution two or three times a day 
for one or two weeks. Should a tumor form, do not incur any risk of 
blood poisoning- by opening^ it before the covering is rery thin and 
dead, after which treat it as a case of abscess. Should a hardened 
tumor form at the elbow, have it cut out by an expert veterinary sur- 
geon. If the tendon is sprained, the animal will be relieved by applying 
a high-heeled shoe without toe pieces. These difficulties may easily be 
prevented by furnishing abundant bedding and by giving the horse 
sufficient exercise, 

SWOLLEN LIMBS. 

Causes. — Exposure to cold, wet or filth, or from 
diseases of the blood, as glanders. 

Symptoms. — Swelling of the limbs which may extend 
from the body to the feet, or which may be confined to the 
lower parts of the legs. There is stiffness and lameness. 

TREATMENT.— Ascertain the cause and remove it. Should the 
swelling remain, give the animal every morning and night in the feed 
two tablespoonfuls of a tonic composed of one ounce each of tincture 
of iron and nitrate of potash, mixed with four ounces of linseed meal. 
Apply friction to the swollen parts and then wrap tightly with a woolen 
rag saturated with a decoction of oak bark. Special attention should 
be given to daily exercise and to a diet of soft feed. 

WOUNDS. 

TREATMENT.— When the skin and flesh are laid open by cuts, 
kicks or collisions, the bleeding must be slopped immediately. If an 
artery is cut, which may be ascertained by the blood flowing in spurts, 
a compress should be placed between the wound and the heart. If the 
flow is steady a vein is severed, and the compress should be placed on 
the side of the wound furthest from the heart. If an artery is cut in 
some part of the body which can not be bandaged, it must be caught 
up, which can be done with a small pair of pincers, and tied, after 
which unite the edges of the wound with stitches, being careful not to 
draw too tightly. Generally, however, the bleeding may be slopped by 
tilling the cut with soot, cobwebs or lint. Clip the hair from around 
the wound. If the wound is very severe the horse should be placed in 
a shng. Should the horse become feverish, give every hour a dose of ten 
drops of tincture of aconite until the fever subsides. Bathe the wound 
three or four times a day, or inject with syringe a solution composed of 
one part each of laudanum and carbolic acid with thirty parts water, or a 
solution of either of the ingredients named with twenty parts water, or 
apply equal parts of tincture of aloes and tincture of myrrh. If proud 
flesh appears, apply alum. 

OPEN JOINT. 

CAUSES. — Falling on the road, bruises, cuts, priclis 
from nails or broken glass. 

Symptoms. — When serious there is a discharge from the 
wound of a pale, yellowish fluid of the consistency of the 
white of an egg. There is swelling, heat. The fever is 
sometimes followed by inflammation. 

TRE.ATMENT.— If neglected almost everv case will prove fatal from 
exhaustion. When the open joint is discovered wash the wound with tepid 
water containing; a few drops of carbolic acid. If there is a large lacera- 



kL 



J 



T 



tion of the skin, the wound should either be sewed or the edges should 
l)e united by plasters, but leave opening for escape of pus. To 
prevent movements of the joint, place the horse in a sling and ap- 
ply splints to the limb secured by bandages. Care should be exercised 
in removing i)us from the wound, to avoid removing the synovia or 
joint <iil. Should the horse become feverish, give a dose of lo drops 
tinture of aconite three or four times a day. Apply poultices of lints, 
or wads of tow saturated in a solution of equal parts carbolic acid 
and glycerine, or these ingredients may be mixed with flour into a paste 
to be inserted into the wound, which should be secured by a light linen 
bandage. 

BRUISES. 

TREATMENT. — Application of warm water to reduce inflammation 
followed by Tincture of arnica to relieve the bruise of tenderness and 
soreness. If there is formation of pus, apply same treatment as for 
abscess. 

ABSCESS. 

Causes. — It may result from bruises made by blows or 
kicks, or by the presence of some foreign body, such as 
splinter or nail, but are usually caused by impurities of 
the blood. 

Symptoms. — There is always swelling and tenderness 
with fever. The swelling at first is hard, but becomes soft 
as the pus accumulates. If located immediately under the 
skin, it will usually break and discharge its contents with- 
in one or two weeks, but if deeply seated under sinews the 
pus is liable to burrow in different directions, sometimes 
producing fistula. 

TREATMENT.— Give the animal one pint of linseed oil and 
repeat dose in si.\ hours. Give three times a day two lablespoonfuls 
uf a tonic composed of one ounce each of tincture of iron and tincture 
of gentian with ten ounces of water, apply linseed poultices lo the 
abscess. Do not open the abscess until it points or comes lo a head. 
There is great danger of blood poisoning if Ihe abscess is opened 
before its covering becomes thin and dead. After opening, thoroughly 
wash out all the pus with warm water containing a few drops of 
carbolic acid, using a syringe. Wash Ihe wound with this solution 
two or three times a day. 



SADDLE GALLS. 

Causes. — A badly fitting harness or saddle, bruising, 
chafing and rubbing the skin off in spots on the back or 
shoulders 

TREATMENT.- Make necessary change in harness to produce as 
little friction as possible. Bathe the sore or bruised spots with tincture 
of arnica or with spirits of camphor. If possible give the horse rest 
until the sores are healed. 

POLL-EVIL 

Causes. — A sore affecting the bones of the neck near 
the top of the head caused by striking the head against a 
low door, ceiling or any other object, or it may be caused 
by " halter pulling." An abscess forms which burrows into 
the bones. 

Symptoms. — There is swelling and heat with a flow of 
pus, which has a strong, disagreeable odor. 

TREATMENT.— Remove halter and allow the horse to go loose in 
the stall. An incision must be made and kept open for the escape of the 
pus which accumulates. Remove all decayed portions of the bone, inject 
with syringe, twice aday, a solution composed of one part carbolic 
acid with twenty parts of water. If the bone is ulcerated, apply a weak 
solution of hydrochloric acid. Follow this with a solution of equal parts 
of carbolic acid and linseed oil, which may be applied two or three 
times a day. Should the flesh slough oflf, wash with water containing 
a few drops of chloride of zinc. In the early stages of this disease, 
apply hot linseed poultices until it is ready to open. 

FISTULA. 

Causes. — Badly fitting harness or saddles, knocks or 
bruises, 

TREATMENT.— Follow same treatment prescribed for poll-evil. 
Special care should be exercised in removing pieces of decayed bones. 
No cure can be affected so long as the bone is diseased. All the fistu- 
lous openings must be probed, or if the services of a veterinary sur- 
geon can be secured, have them opened up their whole length. If too 
deep seated for this purpose, insert setons through the canal and out 
through the skin, thus making a new opening for the escape of pus, 
after which inject the same remedy as prescribed for poll-evil. 



HORNED CATTLE. 

Diseases of the Respiratory Organs. 



k- 



SIMPLE COLD AND CATARRH. 

Causes. — Exposure to draught, sudden changes of 
weather, damp and poorly drained stables, lack of proper 
shelter in cold weather. 

Symptoms. — There are fits of shivering, fever, cold ex- 
tremities, dullness, staring coat, loss of appetite and cud. 
Sometimes cough and decrease of milk, swollen and wat- 
ery eyes. 

TREATMENT.— Remove the cause by putting the animal in a 
cool anil comfortable stable, covering the body with a blanket, and, if 
the bowels are constipated, give a pint of melted lard or a pint of linseed 
oil. Steam the head with hot mashes, placed in a deep nose-bag, or 
the steam may be confined by simply throwing a blanket over the head. 
The object of the steaming is to assist in the discharge of the jiccrumu- 



lation of mucus. Give the animal all the water desired and a diet of 
soft feed. Four times a day give a solution composed of two ounces of 
acetate of ammonia, two ounces spirits of nitre, and one ounce nitrate 
of potash ; or, if these ingredients are not convenient, give the animal 
every two hours ten drops of tincture of aconite until the fever sub- 
sides. 

SORE THROAT AND LARYNGITIS. 

Causes — Is usually the same as a common cold. 

Symptoms. — There is inflammation of the larynx, or 
the upper part of the windpipe, causing difficulty in eating 
or chewing the cud. There is rapid pulse and breathing, 
with more or less fever. The difficulty in swallowing will 
frequently cauie the water to return through the nose. 



V 




TREATMENT.— Apply and thoroughly rub the parts swollen with 
a mustard paste. Every hour or two wash off the mustard and rub in 
more. If this treatment does not make the swelling subside within 
two or three days, apply a soft and hot linseed poultice to assist suppura- 
tion. Inject with syringe several times each day chloride of potash 
dissolved in water. Give internally, morning and evening, a teaspoon- 
ful of saltpetre dissolved in water. Give diet of soft feed. 

BRONCHITIS 

Causes — It may develop from a common cold, or it 
may be the result of neglect of laryngitis or catarrh. 

Symptoms. — Painful, rapid breath, a distressing, hoarse 
cough, rapid pulse and breath, fever, loss of appetite and 
cud, staring coat, constipation, and difficulty in swallow- 
ing. 

TREATMENT.— Give the animal warm, comfortable quarters, 
with good ventilation, covering t^e body with a blanket and give lax- 
atives, and steam the head as for catarrh. In serious cases give fre- 
quently warm injections of soapsuds and rub well the throat and along 
the windpipe with hartshorn liniment. After the fever has subsided, 
follow this with a tonic morning and evening of one ounce each of 
tincture of gentian and tincture of iron. 

HUSK, OR BRONCHITIS FROM WORMS. 

Causes. — Young stock are frequently affected with a 
species of worm in the windpipe. These worms are found 
in low, undrained pastures. Sheep are more likely to be 
affected as they graze closer than cattle. 

Symptoms — Are similar to those of Bronchitis. There 
is generally weakness and loss of flesh. Frequently small 
rolls of worms are coughed up. These rolls often cause 
suffocation. 

TREATMENT.— Put the animal in a stall and feed liberally with 
nutritious diet. Give with the feed a tonic of i oz. of ginger and tine 
ture of gentian. The worm may be destroyed by inhaling smoke of 



burning sulphur. Give internally, three times a day, 2 drams of tur- 
pentine ; on recovery place the animal in a dry pasture free from 
clover. 

PLEURISY. 

Causes. — The lining membrane of the chest covering the 
lungs called the Pleura becomes inflamed by exposure to 
drafts, cold and storms. It frequently accompanies inflam- 
mation of the lungs, bronchitis or catarrh. 

Symptoms. — There is a fever, rapid pulse, painful 
breathing, dullness, loss of appetite and cud, short hacking 
cough and grunting. 

TREATMENT.— To reduce the fever give 10 to 20 drops of tinc- 
ture of aconite every two hours, according to the severity of the case. 
When it has subsided, give in the feed, three times a day, i oz. each of 
tincture of iron and tincture of gentian. Give dose of la.\ative of 
one pint linseed oil. Apply repeatedly a mustard paste mixed with oil 
of turpentine to the whole chest. If this does not afford relief, apply 
blister of powdered cajitharides. Apply coat of oil daily to the blistered 
surface. Give the animal linseed tea and steamed food. 

PNEUMONIA, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE 
LUNGS 

Causes. — Are the same as cold, catarrh, bronchitis, 
pleurisy and laryngitis, but are often the sequel of these 
diseases. 

Symptoms. — Severe shivering, loss of appetite and cud, 
staring coat, quick pulse, rapid breathing and great thirst. 
In severe cases the lungs may become solid like liver and 
suppuration may set in vihh discharge of pus through the 
nose. Such cases quickly prove fatal. 

TREATMENT — Should be the same as prescribed for bronchitis* 
Avoid the antiquated method of bleeding. Serious cases of congestion 
maybe relieved by strong blisters and frequent injections of warm 
soapsuds. Give la.xative medicines. Unseed tea and steam food. 



Diseases of the Digestive Organs. 



DYSPEPSIA, OR CHRONIC INDIGESTION. 

Causes. — From irregular or overfeeding, or from im- 
proper diet, especially in connection with exposure to cold 
and storms. 

Symptoms. — A fluctuating appetite, belching, staring 
coat, the skin is dry and there is usually rapid loss of flesh- 

TREATMENT. — Make a complete change of food. If convenient 
feed on roots and green grass. A few days complete abstinence from 
food for the purpose of giving the stomach rest may effect a cure in 
the early stages. Give lime water and phosphate of lime, the latter 
may be supplied the animal by grinding or pulverizing bones. Follow 
with a tonic composed of two drams each of ginger and tincture of 
gentian, and bi-carbonate of soda. 

MAW-BOUND, OR LOSS OF CUD. 

Causes. — May be caused by other internal diseases or 
by an unusually full meal, when the food becomes so im- 
pacted as to cause temporary paralysis. If not soon 
relieved, fermentation soon sets in, causing great distress 



and frequently death from suffocation. When the paraly- 
sis is the result of ingorgement the services of a veterinary 
surgeon should be secured at once to empty the rymen 
with the hands. When the animal begins to recover feed 
lightly on grass and sloppy food. 

CHOKING. 

Causes. — This is a very common accident where the 
animal is fed with corn on the cob or on turnips and ap- 
ples. 

Symptoms. — Coughing, great distress, repeated efforts 
of swallowing, profuse flow of saliva. If the substance is 
in the neck part of the throat it may be felt; and by manipu- 
lation it may be removed The obstruction may be re- 
moved by inserting through the mouth a rattan or any 
green flexible stick covered with leather, if this fails a 
physician should be called to make an incision length- 
wise in the neck. 



^ 



^ 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



liL 



BLOATING. 

Causes.— Indigestion from overfeeding or from eating 
large quantities of wet clover. 

Symptoms. — There is swelling of the abdomen, difficult 
breathing, copious flow of saliva, staring eyes, moaning 

and grunting. 

TREATMENT.— Give every hour an ounce of ammonia in a pint of 
cold water. If this does not give relief within a few hours, give water 
with a little chloride of lime. 

In urgent cases it is necessary to use the Trocar which should be 
inserted in the left flank midway between the hock bone and the last 
rib and eight inches from the bones of the loins. 



DIARRHOEA. 

Causes. — Impure water, bad food, sudden change of 
diet, exposure, or it niay result from other diseases, espec- 
ially those diseases which greatly debilitate the system. 

Symptoms. — Poor appetite, cold extremities, loss of 
milk. 

TREATMENT. — Make complete changeof diet. Give one ounce of 
laudanum with a pint of linseed oil, repeat dose in six hours. Follow 
with three doses each day of a tonic composed of one ounce each of 
ging^er, tincture of gentian and tincture of iron until relief is obtained. 
Give linseed tea to drink, nourishing diet. The foregoing doses should 
be reduced when given to calves. 



Miscellaneous Diseases. 



ANTHARAX, OR BLOODY MURRAIN. 

Causes. — Whether it is an Epizootic Disease or whether 
it is contracted by inoculation, is not understood. The 
disease appears frequently spontaneously among young 
cattle feeding in a low, damp and rich pasture, especially 
feeding on grass growing where ponds have been drained, 
Possibly the miasm arising from such ground makes the 
disease more malignant. 

Symptoms. — The disease makes very rapid progress, 
death frequently following within twelve or twenty-four 
hours of the attack. There is lameness, stilYness of the 
limbs, quick pulse, rapid breathing, loss of appetite, swell- 
ing and tenderness of the parts affected, which may be fol- 
lowed by a sloughing off of the skin. 

TREATMENT.— Bleeding in the early stages of the disease may 
give relief. Give a pound of Epsom salts and two ounces extract of 
ginger dissolved in water, and a quarter to one half pound to calves, in 
proportion to size. Follow this every two hours with one dram each 
nitrate acid and muriate acid mixed in a pint of water. Remove the 
animal to a cool, shady place out of doors. Sponge the body thoroughly 
with cold water, and, after rubbing, dry, scarify the wounds, and 
apply chloride of lime diluted with water. Be sure that all the diseased 
tissue is reached. Apply poultices to aid in suppuration. To reduce 
swelling, bathe with a strong solution of vinegar, give abundant salt 
and water. 

RHEUMATISM. 

CAtJSES — Exposure to cold, dampness and draughts, 
or it may result from other diseases. 

Symptoms. — There is lameness, swelling and tender- 
ness of the joints or of the loins. The disease frequently 
shifts from one part of the body to another. There is 
fever, quick pulse, rapid breathing and thirst. 

TREATMENT.— Place the animal in comfortable quarters with 
abundant bedding. Bandage the limbs and cover the body with a 
lilan'.cet. Rub the parts affected with strong hartshorn liniment. If 
this does not give relief within one or two days, clip the hair closely and 
apply blister of powdered cantharides. 

FOUL IN THE FEET. 

Causes. — Wounds from glass, nails, filthy stables with 
damp grounds. 



Symptoms. — Ulceration and discharge of pus from the 
cleft between the hoofs. The first symptoms are lameness 
and swelling. 

TREATMENT.— If caused by wounJs, remove the foreign^body, 
dense the parts thoroughly and apply frequently linseed poultices. If 
the horn of the hoof is afiEected, carefully remove all decayed parts and 
till the cavity with wads of tow or lint saturated in melted tallow or 
tar. After removing with a syringe all pus from the tumors, apply a 
mixture of equal parts of turpentine and sweet oil. 

MILK-FEVER. 

Causes — Natural to heavy milkers and to heifers 
after first calving Occurs mostly in summertime. Cows 
kept in too high condition, are most subject to it; feeding 
too liberally before and directly after calving, or by driv- 
ing until the animal becomes overheated. 

Symptoms. — Soon after calving, the cow may lose her 
appetite and appear dull, with signs of fever; horns hot; 
muzzle dry; bowels costive; pulse and breath quick; rest- 
less movements with the hind legs; the udder hot, hard, 
sore and distended with milk. The milk is sometimes 
blody or curdled. 

TREATMENT.— Give purgative dose of epsom salts. Follow up 
every half hour with stimulants, of V4 ounce of aromatic spirits of 
ammonia and one ounce each of tincture of ginger and sweet spirits of 
nitre, given in a pint of cold water or linseed tea. Apply cold rags to 
the head, or a bag tilled with chopped ice and sawdust. Apply 
blister along the spine, and friction, with equal parts of water and 
alcohol, to the limbs. Keep the udder free. In case of much bloating, 
insert the trocar in the left flank. Give frequent injections of soap- 
suds. On recovery, give tonics, of one scruple of powdered nux 
vomica, one drachm of powdered sulphate of iron, and one ounce of 
powdered gentian in a pint of thin gruel or linceed tea, twice or 
thrice daily during the week. 

GARGET OR CAKED UDDER. 

Causes. — Not stripping the udder clean at each milking; 
exposure to cold and wet; bruises. 

Symptoms. — One or more of the quarters may be hot, 
tender and swollen; the cow feverish and costive, loss of 
appetite and cud, milking painful, milk mi.xed with blood 
or matter, gradual hardening of the bag, and formation of 
tumors filled with matter. 



/_ 



\ 



Isr 



lA 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



'5 



TREATMENT.— Frequently remove the milk, apply warm poul- 
tices in bandage fastened over the loins, and leaving holes for the 
teats to protrude. If milking is difficult, use railk tube; then apply 
hartshorn liniment with friction. When abscesses form they should 
be lanced when well matured and basilicon ointment applied to tlie 
wounds. Give a la.vative dose of epsom salts; soft feed. If hard 
swellings remain, apply with friction by the palm of the hand fre- 
quently a portion of a liniment made of i ounce of aqua ammonia, 3 
ounces of olive oil and i dram of iodine. Recovery will be slow. 

SORE TEATS. 

Causes. — Rough milking, bruises, warts, frost bites, 
cow-pox. 

Symptoms. — The presence of cracks, fissures and scabs, 
restlessness and pain at inilking, milk sometimes streaked 
with blood, lower part of the udder hot and tender, teats 
raw and sore from cow-pox, nodules and blisters of pink- 
ish color. 

TREATMENT.— Bathe with warm water, poultice; for sores and 
cracks, use Griar's balsam. Milk with tube in all cases of sore teats. 
In the case of cow-pox. give internally eight ounces of Glauber's salts 



dissolved in one pint of hot water, and add thereto one ounce of 
ground ginger. Warts may be clipped of and ointment of one part 
white lead and four parts of lard applied. Wash the teats with soap- 
suds. _, 

BLOODY MILK. 
Causes. — Inflammation, or internal lesion of the udder, 
sudden change to rich feeding, eating of acrid plants, 
rough milkings. 

Symptoms. — Besides the symptoms accompanying 
diseased conditions of the udder and teats, if such exist, 
the milk is more or less streaked with blood while it is 
being drawn, and when allowed to stand, the blood falls to 
the bottom. 

TREATMENT.— If due to diseased conditions of the udder or teats 
it will cease with the cure of these. When due to no.\ious plants, 
change pasturage. When due to unknown causes, give morning and 
evening one half a dram of powdered camphor, and one-half an 
ounce each of powdered oak-bark and ginger in one-half a pint of 
gruel, or one-half a dram of tannin and three drams of powdered gen- 
tian in one-half a pint of gruel. 



SHEEP 



CATARRH AND BRONCHITIS. 

Causes. — Very common in spring and fall, caused by 
exposure to cold and wet. 

Symptoms. — Weak pulse, rapid breathing, slight watery 
discharge from the nose, sneezing, loss of appetite. 

TREATMENT.— Remove theanimal to comfortable, well-ventilated 
quarters. Boil gently fifteen minutes two ounces each of ginger, gen- 
tian and one ounce rhubarb in a quart of water, after cooling add one 
ounce carbonate of ammonia, keeping bottle well corked. Give two 
tablespoonfuls four times a day, also give good nourishing food and 
drinks. Cleanse the nose with wet sponge. Apply liniment of ammonia 
to the throat. 

BLOATING. 

Causes. — Wet clover, rich pasturage, overfeeding, indi- 
gestion. 

Sy.mptoms. — Rapid breathing, sleepiness. The abdomen 
is swollen, especially on the left side; when struck with 
fingers gives a sound like a drum. 

TREATMENT.— Carefully insert a small trocar into the left flank 
and keep it there while gas escapes or plunge the sheep in a river and let 
him swim awhile. Give one-half ounce of aqua ammonia in a pint of 
cold water. If no decrease in bloating after twelve hours, give two 
drams of chloride of lime in a pint of cold water hourly. Afterward 
give purgative dose as advised for black quarter. 

GRUBS IN THE HEAD. 

Causes. — The lodgment of the eggs of the gad fly with- 
in the sinuses of the forehead. The eggs are deposited in 
the nostrils of the sheep in July and August, the gad-fly 
crawling up the cavities of the nose. 

Sy'.mptoms. — From the nose is a discharge of matter, 
irritation, coughing, and sneezing. 

TRE.ATMENT.— When the grubs are not firmly fi.xed, the injection 
of equal parts of sweet oil and turpentine will often dislodge them, but 
must be careful not strangle the sheep. Prevention: During July and 
August, rub tar on the sheeps' noses once a day. 



DIARRHCEA. 

Causes. — Exposure to cold and wet, changing suddenly 
from dry food to grass; most frequent amongst lambs. 

Symptoms. — Loss of appetite and flesh, frequent dis- 
charge of liquid dung; emaciation. 

TREATMENT.— Give two to tfiree ounces of castor oil with two 
to three drams of laudanum; one-third to one-half a dose for lambs. 
Afterward give, morning and evening, one-half an ounce of com- 
pound chalk powder, two drams of powdered gentian root, three 
ounces of peppermint water and two ounces of starch emulsion mixed 
together. One-third to one-half a dose for lambs. Give one part of 
white of eggs and 5i.\ parts of water, well shaken together; may be 
given in unlimited quantities. Keep the animals indoors. Give access 
to salt. 

FOOT-ROT. 

Causes. — Filthy barnyards; wet and low pastures. 

Symptoms. — Lameness, loss of appetite. The skin at 
the top of the clefts of the hoofs and over the heels be- 
comes red, moist, warm and rough; then there is a dis- 
charge. 

TREATMENT.— Cut away all the diseased parts, careful not to 
inflict any wound. Cleanse and bathe with warm water. Dip the 
foot in tar and keep the sheep in a dry, well-littered yard, on dry, 
short pasture, and watch the hoofs daily for some time. Renew the 
tar coating, if necessary. If proud tlesh appear, apply a coat of 
tincture of iron. Sprinkle air-slaked lime on the floor. 

WOUNDS AND BRUISES. 

TREATMENT. -The wound should be thoroughly cleansed of 
all dirt, and. if there is much bleeding, apply strong solution of cop- 
peras, or tincture of iron, by means of a wad of tow. Clip the wool 
off all around the wound, if it is a deep one, and if it discharge, use 
Friar's Balsam or equal parts of tincture of myrrh and of aloes, ll 
there is too much sprouting of flesh, apply powdered sulphate of zinc 
or tincture of iron. Make frequent use of poultices, and apply equal 
parts of arnica and water. Be very careful in regard to cleanliness. 



-2J 



IV 



le 



DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



FRACTURES. 

SvMrroMS. — The limb swings and twists around, and 
can not hold the weight of the body. The limb swells 
and is accompanied with pain and fever; the animal be- 
comes listless. 

TREATMENT.— If the bone is broken in several pieces,and has cut 
through the skin, and the soft, fleshy parts have become bruised, treat- 
ment is useless; the animal should be at once killed. Less complicated 
fractures will yield to rest, though the limb will be deformed. Adjust 
the fractured ends to their proper place; then bind the limb with a strip 
of cotton or linen, add cotton wadding, and then apply light wooden 
splints; but do not bandage too tightly. The bandage should remain 
on the limb from four to six weeks, the animal being kept quiet and 
well fed. Bandages may be made of stiff pasteboard or cotton soaked 
in starch. 

SCAB 

C.MiSF.s. — Produced by minute insects bnrrowing beneath 
the cuticle, and which come through contact with scabby 
sheep, posts, trees or fences where such sheep have been 
rubbing. Filth is the principal cause. 

Symptoms. —The sheep is very restless and irritable, 
scratching and rubbing against anything near; bites its 



fleece which becomes ragged and drops off. Rough, hard, 
red pimples and scabs appear, principally along the neck 
back and sides. 

TREATMENT.— Tobacco wash is the most effectual. For each 
sheep, take one-fourth pound of coarse tobacco and steep it in a quart 
of water. Stir till cold, and then strain. Add a few ounces of soft soap 
and three quarts of water. Increase quantity of fluid in proportion to 
number of sheep to be treated. Dip all the body except head and 
repeat in one week. Burn all loose wool and cleanse shed. 



TICKS. 

Symptoms. — The ticks are large insects living on the 
surface of the skin and suck blood. Are mainly found on 
the neck and shoulders, and cause great irritation. When 
the wool is divided, or when the sheep is shorn, they arc 
plainly seen. 

TREATMENT.— They should be picked off with the fingers when 
possible, or mix equal parts of coal oil and lard oil; make furrows 
in the wool, three inches apart, along the neck, back, sides and quar- 
ters, and smear a portion into the skin. Repeat this once a month- 
Shearing time is the best time to remove ticks. 



SWINE. 



COUGHING. 



Causes. — May result from worms, or exposure to cold 
and dampness. 

TREATMENT.— If worms, remove the cause by applying treat- 
ment for worms. If from exposure, give equal parts of powdered 
liquorice root, and camphor; doses of one dram each may be given 
three times a day with the food. 

SORE THROAT. 

Causes. — From contagion, bad food or fiUhy and badly 
drained pens. 

Sypmtoms. — Coughing, swelling of the throat, and diffi- 
culty in swallowing, and loss of appetite. 

TREATMENT.— Malignant cases make rapid progress, and are 
frequently fatal. After scarifying^ the swelling on the throat, apply 
carbolic acid to the wound, and then follow with poultices which should 
be changed frequently. Give water to drink containing small quantity 
of tartar emetic. Keep separate from other swine. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS 
Causes. — Are similar to that of Sore Throat and Cough- 
ing. 

Symptoms.— Blood-shot eyes, protruding tongue, rapid 
breath, chills, coughing, 

TREATMENT.— Apply to the chest a liniment of equal parts of 
turpentine and ammonia. In a severe case, give every three hours ten 
grains of nitre and one grain of tarter emetic until the fever is reduced. 
If vomiting results, discontinue this remedy for three or four hours. 

DIARRHCEA. 

Cattses. — Bad food and water, exposure or sudden 
changes of diet. 



TREATMENT.— Give dose of oil as prescribed for Rheumatism. 
Give twice a day a mixture composed of one-half pint of peppermint 
water, one dram each of powdered opium and ginger, and one ounce 
of pcwd *red prepared chalk. 

WORMS. 

Symptoms. — Veriable appetite, coughing, vomiting, 
loss of flesh and paralysis of the hindquarters. 

TREATMENT.— For young pigs, give a icaspoonful and for hogs 
a ub:espoonful of flour of sulphur in the food three times a day. Dis- 
continue in three days but repeat every ten days until the worms arc- 
destroyed. Feed on buttermilk, acorns, sliced raw onions and green 
fruit. Give access to salt and wood ashes. 

CHOLERA. 

Causes. — It may be caused by contagion, or by the 
same causes which produce diarrhoea. 

Symptoms. — There is great stupor, diarrha?a or costivc- 
ness, vomiting, rapid breathing, hanging of the head, 
excrements streaked with blood. 

TRE.ATMENT.— When the disease is contagious, keep separate 
from other animals and thoroughly disinfect the styes. No satisfactory 
treatment is recommended. 

EPILEPSY. 

CAUSES. — From indigestion, resulting from overfeed- 
ing, or from improper food. 

Symptoms. — Blood-shot eyes, rapid breathing, squeal- 
ing, running in a circle, profuse foaming, followed by con 
vulsions. 

TRZ.ATMENT.— Follow the treatment as prescribed for worms, 
giving special attention to the quantity and quality of food. 



builders' and mechanics' liens. 



LUMBER MEASUREMENT AT SIGHT, ONE INCH BOARD MEASURE. 

Showing the contents of inch boards from 6 to 25 in. broad and from E to 36 ft. long. For plank, double or treble the product as may be required. 
If longer or wider than the dimensions here given, add two suitable numbers together. 



~ 
































WIDTH IN INCHES. 




























"? 


6 in 


^v 


7 in w 
ft in. 


Sin 


W 


gin 


W 


ioinw 


1 1 in w 


I2inw 


i3in\v 
ft. in. 


I4in\v 
ft. in. 


I5inw 


iftinw 


I7inw 


iSinw 


ipinw 
ft. in. 


3oinw 


ziinw 


22in\v 


23in\v 


34inw 


25inw 


£2 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


fl. in. 
6 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


fl. in. 


ft. i 


1. 


ft. in. 


ft. in 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


ft. in. 


R 


+ 


n 


+ 


s 


, 


4 


6 


S 


7 4 

8 3 


8 





8 


8 


9 


4 


10 





10 


8 


11 


4 


12 





13 


8 


13 


4 


14 


14 


8 


15 4 


16 





Ift 8 


9 


4 


6 


■; 


3 


ft 





ft 


P 


7 


6 


P 








P 


10 


6 


11 


3 


12 





12 


9 


13 


ft 


14 


3 


i.S 





15 9 


1ft 





■7 3 


18 





18 9 


10 


q 







m 


ft 


S 


^ 


ft 


s 


4 


g 2 


10 





10 


10 


II 


8 


12 





13 


4 


■4 


2 


is; 





IS 


10 


10 


8 


17 6 


18 


4 


19 2 


20 





20 10 


II 


<; 


6 


6 


S 


7 


4 


s 


p 


2 


10 I 


11 


Q 


11 


II 


12 


10 


13 


9 


14 


8 


ll 


/ 


Ift 


ft 


17 


s 


18 


4 


19 3 


20 


2 


21 I 


22 





Zt II 


12 


fi 










X 





p 





10 





II 


12 





M 





14 





15 





16 





17 





iS 





IP 


Q 


20 





21 


22 





23 


24 





25 


13 


6 


fi 


I 


7 


S 


S 





P 


10 


10 


II II 


13 





H 


I 


1'; 


2 


Ift 


3 


17 
iS 


t 


18 


■; 


19 


ft 


20 


/ 


21 


8 


22 9 


23 


10 


24 11 


2ft 





27 I 


14 


7 





2 


q 


4 


10 


ft 


11 


S 


12 10 


14 





I'; 


2 


16 


4 


17 


ft 


IP 


10 


21 





22 


2 


■", 


4 


24 6 


2S 




2ft 10 


28 





29 2 






6 


S 





10 


n 


11 


3 


12 


ft 


13 9 


ic; 





16 


3 


17 


ft 


iS 


9 


20 





21 


3 


22 


ft 


23 


9 


2S 





26 3 


27 


ft 


2$ 9 


.30 





31 3 


16 


s 








4 


10 


,S 


12 


n 


13 


4 


14 8 


i5 





17 


4 


iS 


8 


20 





21 


4 


22 


8 


24 





2S 


4 


2ft 




28 


29 


4 


30 8 


32 





33 4 


17 


R 


rt 




11 


11 




12 


P 


14 


2 


15 7 


17 





iS 


S 


IP 


10 


21 


3 


22 


8 


24 


I 


23 


ft 


2ft 


II 


28 


4 


29 9 


3' 


2 


32 7 


34 





35 S 


IH 





n 


10 


6 


12 





n 


ft 


IS 





16 t> 


18 





10 


6 


21 





22 


ft 


24 





2i 


ft 


27 

38 





28 


ft 


30 





3' ft 


33 





34 6 


■'u 





37 ft 


19 





6 


u 


1 


12 


s 


14 


3 


15 


10 


'7 5 


IP 





20 


7 


22 


2 


23 


P 


2'; 


4 


26 


II 


ft 


.30 


I 


31 


8 


33 3 


34 


10 


3ft 5 


38 





iU 


20 


10 





IT 


.s 


n 


4 


11; 


n 


Ift 


K 


iS 4 


20 





21 


8 


2? 


4 


2? 





26 


8 


2S 


4 


30 





31 


8 33 


4 


35 


.30 




38 4 


40 


u 


21 


10 


fi 


12 


1 


1+ 





11; 


P 


17 


ft 


•9 3 


21 





22 


P 


24 





2ft 


3 


28 





20 





31 


ft 


33 


3 


33 





3^ ? 


38 





40 3 


42 





43 9 


32 


n 





12 


10 


14 


S 


ift 


6 


iS 


4 


20 2 


22 





2^ 


10 


21; 


8 


27 


ft 


2P 


4 


3' 


2 


33 





34 


10 


.30 


8 


.38 


40 


4 


42 2 


44 





45 '0 


23 


u 


6 


M 


1; 




4 


\l 


3 


IP 


2 


21 1 


21 





24 


11 


20 


10 


28 


P 


.3P 


8 


32 


7 


34 


ft 


3ft 


.5 


.38 


4 


40 3 


42 


3 


44 I 


40 





47 II 


24 


12 





14 





ift 





n 


20 





22 


24 





20 





28 


u 


30 





32 





34 





30 





38 





40 





42 


44 





4ft 


48 


u 


50 


25 


12 


6 


■4 


7 


16 


8 


18 


p 


20 


ID 


2i II 


25 





11 


1 


2q 


3 


31 


3 


33 


4 


3^; 


S 


37 


ft 


39 


/ 


41 


8 


43 9 


45 


10 


47 II 


50 





52 I 


26 


n 





!<; 


2 


17 


4 


IP 


6 


21 


8 


23 IP 


2ft 





2 


.30 


4 


32 





34 




.3ft 


10 


.39 





41 


2 


43 


4 


45 ft 


47 




49 10 


52 





54 2 


11 


i^ 


ft 


15 





iH 





20 


3 


22 


6 


24 y 


27 

28 





2P 


3 


31 





33 


9 


30 





38 


i 


40 


ft 


42 


9 


4S 





47 3 


49 


ft 


51 9 


54 




5" ■* 


H 





16 


S 


l.S 


S 


21 





2^ 


4 


2S 8 





30 


4 


32 


8 


3'! 





37 


4 


39 


43 





44 


4 


40 


8 


49 


51 


4 


53 8 


.56 




58 4 


29 


■4 


6 


16 


11 


ip 


4 


21 


P 


24 


2 


20 7 


2P 





31 


•i 


33 


10 


3ft 


3 


.38 


8 


41 


I 


43 


ft 


4S 


II 


48 


4 


SO 9 


.S3 


3 


55 7 


58 





"> 5 


30 


iq 





17 
18 


6 


20 





22 


ft 


2S 





^? 


30 





32 


ft 


3S 





18 





40 





43 


6 


41 





47 


ft 


S'> 





51 6 


.S.S 





57 6 




u 




31 




6 


1 


20 


S 


23 


3 


2^ 


10 


31 





33 


7 


.3ft 


2 


p 


41 


t 


43 


u 


4ft 


ft 


4P 


I 


SI 


8 


54 3 


,sft 


10 


59 5 







64 7 


32 


16 





iS 


S 


21 


4 


24 





26 


S 


29 4 


32 





34 


8 


% 


4 


40 





42 


4'! 


4 


48 





SO 


8 


S3 


4 


sft 


58 


8 


61 4 


64 


u 


66 8 


3.1 


16 


6 


IP 


? 


32 





24 


P 


27 


6 


30 3 


33 





3'; 


P 


■ft 


41 


3 


44 





40 


9 


49 


ft 


S2 


3 


5.S 





57 9 


60 




ft3 3 


66 







34 


17 





IP 


10 


22 


S 


2'> 


6 


2S 


4 


3' 2 


34 





3ft 


10 


39 


8 


42 





4'! 


4 


48 


2 


SI 





S3 


10 


.Sft 


8 


59 6 




4 


6s 2 







70 10 


35 


11 


ft 


20 


1; 


23 


4 


2ft 


3 


20 




32 I 


3=; 





37 


II 


40 


10 


43 


P 


4ft 


8 


4P 


/ 


S2 


ft 


SS 


.S 


58 


4 


fti 3 


04 


2 


67 I 


70 





72 II 


,36 





21 





24 





27 





•S" 





33 P 


=JL 





39 





42 





Jl 


_o_ 


48 





5" 





54 





=IL 





fto 





ft3 







09 


72 


6 


75 



LOGS REDUCED TO INCH-BOARD MEASURE. 



Note.— Find the length of the loff in feet in the left hand column, and its mean diameter in inches (found by adding the two end diameters 
and dividing their sum by two) at the heads of the other columns, and trace them until they meet, and the figures so found will express the diame- 
ter of feet board measure of inch boards the log will measure. 



ID 
11 
12 
'3 
'4 
■5 

16 

17 
iS 

19 
20 


E 

s 

49 
54 

i 
69 

74 

79 

81 

88 

r>3 
iiS 

'23 


C 

a 

fti 
ft? 
73 

11 
91 
97 
103 
109 
116 
122 
128 

134 

140 

■ 4fl 


« 

5 
72 

93 
100 
107 
114 
122 
129 
136 
143 
150 

'^l 
172 
179 


E 

s 

19 
98 
107 
lift 
125 

■34 
142 
'51 
ifto 

il 

.96 
205 

2I( 
223 


E 
j5 

99 
109 
119 
129 
■39 
149 

159 
iftS 

ife 
19S 
208 
21S 
32S 
23S 
24S 


E 

3 

116 
127 
139 
■50 

lft2 

il 
20S 
210 
232 
243 
235 

2110 
278 
2S9 


CO 

E 

5 

I« 
147 
160 

300 
213 

237 
240 

253 
267 
2S0 
293 

i07 
320 
333 


OS 

s 
5 
150 

1*^5 
iSo 

■95 
210 
225 
240 
2.55 
270 
285 
300 
315 
3i" 
343 
3fto 

_J7i 


E 

5 

175 
193 
210 
227 

245 

3ft3 
3S0 
397 
i'S 
332 

•555 
3'« 

3S5 
403 
420 

43S 


S 

rt 
IQO 

2b9 

22S 
247 

2ftft 
285 

.i04 
323 
342 

380 
399 
418 
437 
45ft 
_d75 


« 

209 
230 

251 
272 
292 
313 

334 

1% 
439 

4W 
480 
SOI 

_J33_ 


S 

rt 

iq 
235 

2.59 
283 
30ft 
330 
,W3 
.377 
400 

424 
44; 

470 

495 
S'S 
542 
z66 
S89 


i 

5 

252 
27S 
303 

S2S 

353 
379 
40 ( 
429 

454 

4S0 

5"5 
530 

555 

gi 
ftu 


c 

rt 

s 

2S7 
315 

344 
371 
401 
430 
459 
47S 
S-^ 
545 

g-] 
03' 
ftS9 
6SS 
717 


5 
313 

34-t 
373 
40!> 

439 
469 
500 

Ul 

594 
62 s 
6s6 
688 
719 
750 
781 


E 

rt 

5 

342 
377 
411 

44S 
479 

5S2 
ftift 

719 

753 
7S7 
821 
SS6 


iq 

363 
400 

43-5 
473 
5^9 
545 
5?2 
618 

^51 
692 

72S 

io^o 
837 
S73 
910 


3 

"38^ 
419 
457 
495 
533 

723 

^ 
S3S 
876 
914 
952 


T 

n 

rt 

3 

411 
451 

493 
534 
575 
ftift 

657 
60S 

S3, 

S63 
904 

945 
9S6 
1027 


n 

rt 

5 
448 

532 
570 

032 

666 
710 

755 

W, 
888 
932 
976 
103 1 
lofts 
1 109 


E 

3 

4fto 
50S 
552 
598 
644 
690 

736 

783 
82S 

S74 
920 
oftft 


3 
490 

i^ 

'^. 
735 
7S4 

ig 
931 
9S0 


c" 

rt 

3 

SOO 

5.SO 
600 
650 
700 
750 
Soo 
850 
900 

950 
1000 
1050 
1 100 

1 150 
1200 
1250 


IT) 

£ 

3 

547 
602 

657 
712 

I?, 
876 
931 
985 
1040 

1095 
1 1. SO 
1204 
■259 
■314 
1369 


E 

3 

577 

692 

750 
8^7 
Sfts 
923 
9S0 
1038 
109ft 
■■52 
1210 

12ftS 
■322 
1380 
■43S 


c 

3 

^0^ 

772 
836 
901 
P65 

1039 

1094 

1 158 

1323 
I3S7 


E 

rt 

5 

6d9 

gt 
86S 
P34 

lOOI 

io5S 
1 134 

130I 

1368 
1335 


C 

3 

700 
^70 
840 
910 
9S0 
1050 

II30 
1:90 
1260 
1330 
1^00 


E 

Q 

li 
903 
978 
1053 
1 129 
1204 
1279 

■354 
1430 
■,505 


p 

rt 

5 

79> 
874 
954 
■031 
■■■3 
1 192 
1272 
■351 
■431 
1510 
■590 


E 

rt 

3 

840 
924 
1007 

lOQI 

■■75 
■259 
■343 
1427 
■5^^ 
■595 
ift79 


.*• 
E 

3 

S72 
959 
1040 

IMS 

1232 
■309 

1,196 
1 485 
■571 
1658 
■745 






















1058 
1104 

1 1 so 


1127 
1176 
1335 
















2J 
















25 








__^_ 


' ' ' ' 


===== 


• • ' ' 



WAGES, RENT, BOARD, ETC. 



The sum wili be found headinj? the columns, and the days and weeks on the extreme left hand column. If the desired sum is not in the table, double 

or treble two or three suitable numbers. 



TIME. 


$2.50 


$2. 75 


$3-oo 


«3^25 


$3-50 


$3^75 


$4.00 


$4.25 


$4-50 


S4-7S 


$5-00 


SS^25 


$5-50 


$5^75 


$ft.oo 


Sft. 35 


S6.50 


$6-75 


S7.00 


$8.00 




w r 


•36 


.39 


■43 


■46 


■50 


■S3 


■57 


.61 


.64 


.68 


•71 


•75 


■79 


.82 


.86 


.89 


i.'sft 


.96 


1. 00 


'•'i 




I3 


■72 


•78 


.86 


1-93 


1. 00 


1.07 


1.14 


1. 21 


1. 28 


1.36 


I ••43 


1.50 


1.58 


l.ft4 


1.72 


1.78 


1.92 








i.oS 


1.17 


1.39 


\-M 


I.S" 


1. 61 


1. 71 


1.S2 


1.93 


2.03 


2.14 


2.35 


2.37 


2.4ft 


2. 58 


s.tv 


2.79 




3-00 


3^S2 




4 


;:S 


I. Sft 


1.71 


2.00 


3.14 


2.38 


2.43 


2'57 


3.71 


2.8ft 


3.00 


3^i5 


3. 28 


3-44 


3. Sft 


3.72 


3 -84 


4.00 


4-57 




5 


!.9S 


2.14 


2.32 


2. so 


3.68 


2.86 


3 03 


321 


3 .,39 


3 •57 
4.2S 


3-75 


3-94 


4.10 


4-.10 


4-45 


4.ft5 


4.80 


5 00 


S-72 
6.86 
S.oo 
16.00 




6 


2.15 


2-34 


2.. 57 


2.78 


3.00 


3.21 


3^43 


3.64 


,.,Sft 


4.07 


450 


4-73 


4.92 


5.1ft 


5. 34 


5-58 


i,-f^ 




i : 




2. so 


2.75 


3.00 


3.25 


350 


3.7s 


4.00 


4-25 
8. 50 


4.50 


4-75 


5.00 


5-25 


5-5° 


5-75 


ft. 00 


0.25 




6.7s 


7-00 




5. 00 


5.50 


6.00 


6.50 


7.00 


7. SO 


8.00 


9.00 


9.50 


10.00 


10.50 


11. CO 


n.So 








13.50 




^4 




7.50 


S.2S 


9.00 


9-75 


10.50 


11. 2S 


12.00 


12-75 


13.50 


■4.25 


15.00 


15.7s 


16.50 


17.25 


iS.oo 


18.75 


19.50 


20.25 


21.00 
28. 00 






10.00 


11.00 


12.00 


13.00 


14.00 


15.00 


16.00 


17.00 


18.00 


19.00 


20.00 


21.00 


22.00 


23-00 
28.75 


24.00 


25.00 


2ft. 00 










■ 2.50 


.3.75 


15.00 


16.25 


17^50 


18.7s 


20.00 


21.25 


22.50 


23.75 


25.60 


26.25 


27.50 


30.00 


31-251 32.. sol .33-751 35-001 40.00 



V-ls" 



^V^ 



^^- 



i8 



READY RECKONER, 2,000 LBS. TO THE TON. 

If the desired amount or quantity is not in the 



For Computing the Price of Coals, Hay, or any other commodity, sold by the Ton or part of a Ton 

Table, add two numbers together. 



Lbs 


rfi. 


CIS. 


$cU 


|rt. 


*rt. 


Set. 


$ cts. 


* cts 


.« cts. 


S cts. 


t rts. 


S cts. 


$ cts. 


$ cts^ 


$ cts. 


$ cts. 


$ cts. 


$ Cts. 


$ cts. 


$ cts. 


$ cts 


$ cts. 


$ cts 


25 


50 


1. 00 


a.oo 


J. 00 


5.00 


0.00 


7.00 


S.TO 


9.00 


lO.OO 


I. .00 


12.00 


13^00 


14.00 


15.00 


Ki.OO 


17.00 


.9.00 


20.00 


25.0G 


30.00 


40.00 


3 

7 












.01 
.02 


• 01 
.02 


.01 
.02 


• 01 
•03 


.0. 

•03 


.02 

.04 


• 02 
.04 


• 02 
.04 


.02 

• OS 


02 

.05 


.02 
.oS 


.02 
.06 


■03 

.06 


■03 
.07 


■03 
.07 


.04 
.09 


•05 

.10 


.06 








.or 


• 01 


• H 


lO 






.01 


.01 


.02 


.0^ 


•0.1 


.04 


.04 


■OS 


.05 


.06 


.06 


.07 


.07 


.OS 


.09 


.10 


.10 


•'3 


.16 


.20 


20 




.01 


.01 


.02 


• oi 


■ PC 


.00 


.07 


.oS 


.09 


.10 


.11 


.12 


•■3 


■ ■4 


• 15 


.16 


• 17 


.19 


.20 


.25 


■.is 


.40 


?o 




.01 


.02 


.01 


• 05 
.0? 


■ oS 


.09 


.1. 


.12 


•H 


•>5 


■'7 


.18 


.20 


.21 


■^ 


• 24 


.26 


■29 


■30 


•3S 


.40 


.bo 


S" 


.01 


.01 


.05 


• OS 


;;^ 


■'S 


.18 


.20 


.23 


•25 


.2S 


■30 


■33 


•35 


•40 


•43 


■48 


■50 


.^si 


■74 


1. 00 


^ 


.01 


.02 


.04 


.07 


• 11 


.2. 


•^5 


.28 


•32 


• 35 


■.19 


::t 


.40 


•49 


• 53 


• so 


.60 


.07 


:S 


1.06 


1.40 


.01 


.02 


■ "4 


.oS 


. 12 


.20 


•24 


.28 


•32 


.10 


.40 


■44 


•52 


■ SO 


.60 


•64 


.68 


■M 


LOG 


1.20 


1.60 


QO 


.01 


.02 


• or; 


.00 


• '4 


•21 


•27 


-.12 


..10 


■4' 


■ 45 


■.SO 


.52 


■59 


03 


.68 


X 


77 


.90 


1. 13 


1.30 


I. So 


mn 


.01 


■o\ 


• OS 


.10 


.'S 


•2S 


■.10 


■35 


..^0 


■45 


■ SO 


■ •SS 


•60 


■65 


.70 


75 


.Ss 


■95 


1 .00 


■ •25 


■■SO 


2.00 


200 


•oi 


.oc; 


.10 


.20 


■ ,10 


•so 


.60 


.70 


.So 


.90 


1. 00 


I.IO 


1.20 


...10 


1.40 


I.. so 


1.60 


1.70 


1.90 


2.00 


2.50 


3-00 


4.00 


■^nn 


04 


.oS 


."i; 


.10 


• 4S 


7S 


• 90 


1.05 


1.20 


YM 


.•SO 


..OS 


1.80 


..95 


2.10 


2.25 


2.40 


2-55 


2.SS 


3.00 


3-7S 


4^50 


6 00 


400 


.0^ 


.10 


.20 


.40 


• 60 


1. 00 


..20 


1.40 


1.60 


2.00 


2.20 


2.40 


2.60 


2.80 


3.00 


3.20 


3-40 


3..^ 


4.00 


5.00 


6.00 


S.oo 


Soo 


.00 


.n 


.2"; 


• So 


.7S 


1.2s 


\X 


■•75 


2.00 


2.25 


2.50 


2-75 


3.00 


3.2s 


350 


3^75 


4. CO 


4^25 


4^75 


5-00 


0.2s 


7. SO 


10.00 


600 


.oS 


.IS 


• 10 


.60 


•qo 


..so 


2^.0 


2.40 


2.70 


j.OO 


3-M 


3.f>o 


3.90 


4.20 


4 •.so 


4. So 


5.10 


5^70 


6.00 


7.50 
S.7S 


9.00 


12. 00 


is: 


.00 


.iS 


• IS 


:S 


I .OS 


■•7S 


2..0 


2-^ 


2. So 


3.^5 


35° 


3-''S 


4.20 


4^55 


4.90 


$•25 


5-(3o 


SOS 


6.65 


7.00 
S.oo 


io.c;o 


14.00 


. 10 


.20 


.40 


K20 


2.00 


2.40 


3.20 


,1.00 


4^oo 


4^40 


4. So 


5 20 


5.60 


6.00 


0.40 


6. So 


7.00 
S.55 


.0.00 


12.00 


16.00 


QOO 


.11 


• 2! 


.4S 


•qo 


■•IS 


2.2s 


2.70 


3^^5 


,,•00 


4.05 


450 


4^95 


540 


5-85 


6.3c 


0.7s 


7.20 
8.00 


7-«5 

8.50 


g.oo 


11.25 


'3-50 


iS.oo 


1000 


■ M 




.so 


1. 00 


I. SO 


2. so 


3.00 


•'•5° 


4,00 


4.50 


S.oo 


5^50 


0.00 


6.50 


7.00 


7.50 
S.2S 


9.50 


10.00 


12.50 


It;. 00 


20.00 


1 100 


.'4 


.2S 


.ss 


I.IO 


..OS 


2-7S 


3.30 


3-85 


4.40 
4. .80 


4. 95 


S^SO 


6. OS 


6. 60 


7^'5 


7.70 


8. So 


9^35 


10.45 


11.00 


'3^75 


16.50 


22.00 


1200 


• IS 


•10 


.(JO 


K20 


..So 


l.oo 


,•00 


4.20 


5.40 


0.00 


6.60 


7.20 


7.80 


8.40 


9.00 


9.(30 


10.20 


11.40 


12.00 


15.00 


iS.oo 


24.00 


MOO 


. ifi 


■ u 


.t-s 


...10 


I.9S 


J.2S 


3^90 


4-55 


S.20 


5 ■■-5 


6.50 


7-^S 


7, .So 


S.45 


9.10 


9.75 


10.40 


11.05 


12^35 


13.00 


.6.25 


19.50 


26 00 


1400 


.iS 


• IS 


.70 


i.4r 


2..0 


J. so 


4^20 


4.90 


S.oo 


0..10 


7.00 


7.70 


8.40 


9. .0 


9.80 


lo.so 


...20 


11.(30 


■3-30 


14.00 


7-50 


21.00 


2.S.00 


1500 


.10 


• iS 


•7S 


I. SO 


2^2S 


17S 


4-50 


5.25 


6.00 


0.75 


7^5o 
S.oo 


.V2.S 


900 


9.75 


10. SO 


11.25 


12. 00 


12.75 


■4^25 


15. oo 


■8-75 


22,50 


30.00 


1600 


.20 


.4" 


.So 


1. 00 


2.40 


4^oo 


4 •So 


S.oo 


6.40 


7.20 


8. So 


9.60 


io^40 


11.20 


12. CO 


.2.80 


13.60 


15.20 


10.00 


20.00 


24.00 


32.00 


\C 


.21 

.21 


•4.1 

• 4; 


.0':> 


\:^ 


^•55 


4^25 
tSo 


S-'O 
.S.40 


S-os 
6.. 10 


O.So 
7.20 


7 ."5 
8..0 


S.50 
9.00 


0.35 
9.00 


10.20 
10.80 


11.05 
11.70 


1. .90 
12.(10 


■2.75 
■3 50 


13.60 
.4.40 


■4.15 

I5^30 


ift.lS 
i7^io 


17.00 
18.00 


2. .25 

22 so 


27.00 


34.00 
.V'.oo 


igoo 


.24 


• 4"1 


.05 


2. on 


t.7S 


S.70 


0.0s 


7.00 


S>.55 


9. SO 


'o 45 


..•40 


'2.35 


■3.30 


14,25 


15.20 


i(). .5 


18.05 


19.00 


2;,. 75 


2S.50 


sS.oo 



The Number of Bricl<s Required to Construct Any Building, Em- 
bracing Walls, from 4 inches to 20 inches Thicl<, Reckon- 
oning 7 Bricl(s to Each Superficial Foot. 

Example.— Rcqulrcil the number of bricks in lOO superficial feet ot 
wall 12 inches tliick. Un(ier 12 inch, and opposite 100, you will iind the 
answer, 2,250, the number of bricks required. 



Superfi- 




Number of Bricks to Thickness of 




cial feet 














ofWall. 


4-inch. 


8. inch. 


.2-inch. 


16-inch. 


20-inch. 


24-inch. 


I 


7 


15 


23 


30 


38 


45 


2 


IS 


30 


^ 


60 


75 


90 


3 


23 


45 


90 


■■3 


1.55 


4 


30 


60 


90 


120 


"52 


180 


5 


38 


75 


"3 


'Z 


1S8 


225 


6 


45 


90 


'35 


22s 


270 


7 


53 


.05 


\& 


210 


263 


^'A 


s 


Oo 


]20 


140 


300 


360 


9 


68 


155 


203 


270 


3.1S 


40s 


10 


75 


"50 


225 


300 


.175 


4.50 


20 


■50 


300 


450 


600 


750 


900 


30 


225 


450 


675 


900 


1125 


■ ISO 


40 


300 


000 


900 


1200 


ISOO 


iSoo 


50 


375 


750 


1.25 


1500 


■875 


2250 


60 


4,5° 


900 


■ 350 


iSoo 


2250 


2700 


g 


52s 


1050 


.575 


2100 


2625 


3 '50 


600 


1200 


iSoo 


2400 


3000 


3hoo 


90 


675 


■350 


2025 


2700 


3375 


4050 


100 


750 


.500 


2250 


3000 


3750 


4.500 


200 


1500 


3000 


4500 


6000 


7500 


9<xx) 


300 


2250 


. 4500 


6750 


9000 


1.250 


13500 


400 


3000 


6000 


9000 


12000 


iSooo 


500 


37 SO 


7550 


1 1250 


15000 
iSooo 


1S750 


22500 


600 


4500 


tjooo 


13S'» 


22500 


27000 


gS 


S250 


10500 


■5750 


21000 


26250 


31500 


(XKX) 


12000 


18000 


24000 


30000 


30000 


900 


6750 


■3500 


20250 


27000 


33750 


40SCO 


iOOO 


7500 


15000 


22500 


30000 


.17,500 


45000 



Facts for Builders. 

1,000 shing-les, laid 4 in. to the weather, will cover 100 sq. ft. of sur- 
face, and 5 Ids. of shingle nails will fasten them on. 

One-fiftn more sidings and flooring- is needed than the number of sq. 
ft. of surface to be covered, because of the lap in the siding and match- 
ing. 

1,000 laths will cover 70 yards of surface, and 1 1 lbs. of lath nails will 
nail them on. Eight bushels of good lime, 16 bushels of sand, and i 
bushel of hair will make enough good mortar to plaster 100 sq. yds. 

A cord of stone, 3 bushels of Time, and a cubic yard of sand will lay 
100 cubic ft. of wall. 

Five courses of brick will lay I ft. in height on a chimnev, S bricks in 
a course will make a flue 4 in. wide and 12 in. long, and'16 bricks in a 
course will make a flue 8 in. wide and 16 in. long. 

Cement, 1 bush, and sand, 2 bush., will cover t,% sq. yds. i in. thick, 
\14 sq. yds. ^ in. thick, and 6^^ sq. yds. % in. thick; i bush, cement and 
I of sarid will cover 2]^ sq. yds. 1 in. thick, 3 sq. yds. X ^^' thick, and 
il4 sq. yds. % ii. thick. 



Number of Bricks Required in Wall Per Square Foot Face of 
Wall. 



Thickness of Wall. 

4 inches 7J^ 

5 " 15 , 
12 •' 22^ 
16 " 30 
20 " 37K 



Thickness of Wall. 
24 inches 46 

28 *' 52»^ 

32 «• 60 

3<> *• 67K 

43 " 75 



Cubic yard = (5oo bricks in wall. 
Perch '{22 cubic feet) -= 500 bricks in wall. 
To pave I square yar(3 on ilat requires 4S bricks. 
(I u , ti t( edge " 68 *' 



Proportions of Weight to Bulk, 

The weight per cubic foot of v.irious substances, anii the 
number of cubic feet requireti to malie a ton of each. 



Material. 



Lbs. per 
cubic ft. 



METAI.S. 

Cast Iron 

Wrought Iron.... 

Steel 

Copper, cast 

Copper, wrought 

Brass 

Lead 

Silver 

Tin 

Gold 

Zinc 

Platinum 

Mercury 

White l.ead 



STONE, ETC. 

Granite 

Limestone 

M.arble 

Paving Stone.. 

Sand Stone 

Brick 

Chalk 

Clay 

Glass 

Sand 



Cubic ft 
per ton 



4'4 
4S5 
490 
549 
557 
524 
709 
654 
450 
1203 

439 

12.8 

84S 

19S 



■65 
■65 
17^ 
151 
130 
120 
174 
■25 
iSo 

95 



STONE, ETC. 

Slate 



4.9 
5- 



2.04 
.1 . 



13-5 
■3-5 

14.8 

II-, 
12.8 

18. 

.2.44 

23-56 



Lbs. per 
cubic ft. 



WOOD. 

Ash 

Beach 

Cedar 

Elm 

Mahogany, Span- 
ish .■; 

Oak, English 

White Oak,Amer. 
ican 

Live Oak 

Pine, Pitch 

" Yellow 

" White 

Poplar 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

Water, trcsh 

" salt 

Air* 

Steamt 

Cork 

Olive Oil 

Tallow 



167 



62.5 

64-5 
.07529 
.03689 

'5 

57 

59 



cubic ft. 
per ton. 



13-4 

4S-7 
64. 

s^. 

39-3 

43- 

49- 

32. 

S'-6 

59. 

66. 

4S. 



34.8 



149-1 
39.3 



If 



*At the level of the sea. 



fNot under pressure. 






J? 



^f 




r?t^ 



=irc 



-sl^ 



AGRICULTURE. 



21 




■ »tcec£i: 3it 33-J333" 



GRICULTURE was not 
only the primeval occu- 
pation of man, and the 
pursuit which all men in 
all ages have followed, 
vfs-'- r^^r?"*^"??^?^ but it has been, is, and 
ever must be the main- 
of all industry. All classes 
i-'^^ and conditions are dependent upon 
i|'4^!5 it for their daily sustenance. Noth- 
i'i&' '"S can supply the place of the prod- 
ucts of the soil. 

Agriculture not only gives life to 
man and beast, but it is the founda- 
tion of all other business: all trades, all manu- 
factures, all commerce; in short, all business is 
the result, directly or indirectly, of agricul- 
ture. When the labors of the husbandman are 
rewarded v.'ith bountiful harvests, the spindles 
multiply, the ships are heavily freighted, and 
money plentiful. The nation that relies upon 
agriculture as its main product is independent 
and prosperous. 

The adaptation of agriculture to all ranks and 
conditions of society is wonderful. The king 
himself, without any loss of dignity, can be a 
farmer. Most of the presidents of the United 
States have retired from their high positions to 
the cultivation of broad acres, and were just as 
dignified, and the public as proud of them, as 
when in the presidential chair. Washington, 



Adams, Jefferson, Jackson, VanBuren, Clay, 
and Webster prided themselves as much upon 
their skill in farming as in their guidance of the 
affairs of State. 

Many a professional man and merchant, with 
his head aching with the perplexities of his 
business, sighs for the quiet, simple pleasures 
of farm life. By living in the open air, and 
e.xercising his muscles most vigorously, and 
his brains more gently, he feels that the nerve- 
exhaustion and consumption of vital forces that 
have rendered life a burden will disappear, and 
sweet will be the sleep of labor. 

It is a fact, patent to all, that the really 
prosperous class, as a whole, is the agricultural. 
The farmer is demonstrably better off, more 
independent, fares better, lodges better, and 
gets a better return for his labor than the 
worker in the city. We often witness the anom- 
aly of thrifty farmers and starving tradesmen. 
The country must be fed and the farmer feeds 
it. 

There is nothing that can prevent the steady 
prosperity of the American farmer but the 
combinations and "corners" of the middle 
men that force unnatural conditions upon the 
finances and markets of the country; the gains 
of the farmers are slow but sure; speculation is 
not legitimate farm business. Farm stock can- 
not be watered like railroad stock and made to 
expand at pleasure. Those who go into farming 



^ 



, -v 



22 



AGRICULTURE. 



-71 



expecting to make sudden fortunes will be 
disappointed. It is a highway to health and 
competence, but not to sudden wealth and 
lu.xury. 

Agriculture is an art and a science, the in- 
dividual the artist; the science consisting in 
the combined experience of the most success- 
ful men of the present and past ages. To avail 
one's self of the benefit of science, the farmer 
should be a regular subscriber and constant 
reader of agricultural and horticultural periodi- 
cals, and a purchaser of the best books bearing 
upon his business. His library should contain 
agricultural, scientific, and literary works; the 
result will be a model farm, with ample build- 
ings, and all the best scientific helps in agricul- 
ture manufactured; his stock the best kept, and 
of the finest breed, and the envy of all. 

It has been a matter of common observation 
to those who study the tendencies and move- 
ments of American society that there is, on the 
part of the youth in the country, quite generally, 
an eager, restless desire to get away from farm 
life and go to a city. To this class of young 
people Shakespere wrote more than two hun- 
dred years ago, that it was " better to endure 
the ills we already have, than fly to others we 
know not of," and this remark holds good in 
its application to-day to the subject in hand. 
The temptations and seductiveness of city life; 
its opportunities for self destruction by gamb- 
ling, drinking, licentiousness, and a thousand 
other evils. The peculiar isolation and lone- 
someness of living and moving among people 
whose names, even, you do not know, is far 
from as pleasant as might appear at first sight. 
No one, by looking merely at the outside, can 
begin to tell the amount of magnificent misery 
and gilded poverty which exists within city 
walls. Besides, there is as much drudgery to 
be done in the city as in the country, and, if 
anything, even more; the work is as hard and 
steady; while different from farm life, it tires 
one out just as soon, and it is impossible to 
43 



find that rest and quiet found amidst the unex- 
citable country life, surrounded as they are in 
the city with the noise and confusion of pass- 
ing multitudes. 

The time was, when young business men 
could go into cities and do well, but that time 
has gone by and will probably never return, 
for the simple reason that our cities are over- 
crowded already, and there is no prospect of 
their growing less. Beware then, of that fool- 
ish fascination which the idea of living in the 
city is liable to exercise over every young heart 
and mind. With proper care and effort a coun- 
try life can be made just as enjoyable as a life 
in the city, and much more healthy and profit- 
able. How can it be done? By following out 
these suggestions: " Fill the farm houses with 
periodicals and books. Establish central read- 
ing rooms or neighboring clubs. Encourage 
the social meetings of the young. Have con- 
certs, lectures, amateur dramatic associations. 
Establish a bright, active social life that shall 
give some significance to labor." Above all, 
build, as far as possible, in villages. It is 
better to go a mile to one's daily labor than to 
place one's self a mile away from a neighbor; 
the isolation of American farm life is the great 
curse of that life. Europe for many centuries 
was cultivated by people who lived in villages, 
and this is the way all farmers should live, — 
settle in colonies, instead of singly, wherever 
feasible or possible. 

The man who ought to be the happiest of 
all men, is he who has a good farm, free from 
debt and under a good state of cultivation, 
with a cheerful, loving wife, and a number of 
healthy, bright, and dutiful children around to 
make music and assist in keeping his home- 
stead. 

The capacities of American agriculture as a 
whole have only begun to be developed. 
There never was a time when, and never a 
country where, husbandry could be carried on 
to such an advantage as in this country. 



l^ 



AGRICULTURE. 



23 



SELECTING A HOME. 

Human existence ituplies tlie necessity of food, raiment 
and shelter; a liabitation is scarcely less important to life 
than the questions of food and raiment. Happiness in civil- 
ized countries largely depends upon the comforts and con- 
veniences with which a home may be invested. 

Every man in this country, especially if he has a fiimily, 
should possess a home of his own, and generally this may 
be secured in a few years by industry, frugality and pru- 
dence. In a house of his own he feels not only that he is less 
dependent than wlien a renter of another's property, but 
there is an incentive to improve and beautify a home, to 
make it attractive, and thus add to its commercial value. 
This fact being granted, a few general suggestions relating 
to a selection of a place for a home and the construction of 
a house may prove of benefit to the inquirer. 

The first thing to be considered is a selection of a site. 
This will depend up- 
on the individual 
circum stances of 
each individual esse. 
As our words are 
now addressed to 
farmero we shall 
confine our remarks 
to them. We have 
previously advised 
farmers to locate in 
villages, but when 
this is impracticable 
they should select 
a somewhat ele- 
vated location, as 
it has many ad- 
vantages, a m o n g 
whic h may be 
mentioned attract- 
iveness of view, 
salubrity of atmos- 
phere, good drain- 
age facilities, etc. 

Such a site should be easy of access, should be protected or 
sheltered from the northern or western winds and storms 
by higher grounds or belts of timber. Avoid the steep, uni- 
form side of a hill closely surrounded by other hills equally 
high and steep; local and climatic considerations should 
govern the selection; do not forget that suidight everywhere 
is highly necessary to health and comfort. Avoid the north 
or west side of a hill. Avoid the proximity of stagnant 
swamps, bogs, marshes, and sluggish streams, as no com- 
bination of circumstances can compensate the lack of a 
healthy atmosphere. When the surroundings or location of 
the place will permit of it, place the dwelling so that a view 
of a pleasant landscape may be had. If there are trees 
growing on the site some of them may be not only orna- 
mental, but useful in furnishing shade to portions of the 
dwelling, or supplying a cool retreat on a hot mid-summer 




A CONVENIENT HOUSE IN THE ENGLISH OR RURAL GOTHIC STYLE. 



day. Trees to the north and west will screen the house 
from prevailing winds, but such trees should not be too 
plentiful or too near to harbor too much dampness. If the 
place be bare no time should be lost in supplying them with 
such varieties as are most desirable, where they should be 
planted with due regard for utility and artistic arrangement. 

A Convenient House. 

It is not the design of the author to furnish details for the 
construction of houses; the wants, tastes, and circumstances 
of different persons are so varied in this behalf that an at- 
tempt to meet them in the limits of this book is impractica- 
ble. There are numerous excellent books on architecture 
which may be consulted with satisfaction and profit by those 
who intend to build, in which may be found information and 
explanations suited to each one's circumstances and taste. 
A well-defined idea of what one wants is necessary before 
beginning to build ; then employ competent men to build it, 

tell them distinctly 
what is required, 
and see that they 
fulfill theircontracts. 
If an architect is 
employed do not 
leave everything to 
his judgment and 
discretion. A re- 
mark that has often 
been made will bear 
repetition here, to 
wit: that a man's 
wife is one of the 
best advisers in re- 
gard to planning a 
house. She is to be 
the presiding genius 
in tlie prospective 
homo, she it is who 
is to make it an 
earthly kingdom, 
the place of all others 
on earth to be de- 
sired, a cheerful happy home. 

The very first thing to be considered after the location is 
decided upon, is convenience and comfort. Never sacrifice 
these to appearance or fashion, or uniformity in a neighbor- 
hood; it is as easy and cheap to build attractively or neatly 
and preserve these primary requirements as to construct an 
unsightly and forbidding house. 

There is no end to badly arranged and badly built houses, 
.and the explanation thereof generally is foimd in the lack 
of sutlicient knowledge of what is required in building on 
the part of both those who have had them built, and the 
mechanics who have constructed them ; hence thoroughly 
mature a plan before commencing to build. 

The next step is to see that the material put into the house 
is in all respects suitable. This is of great importance, as 
on it depends the expense of keeping the house in repair. 



a \ 



24 



AGRICULTURE. 



Ventilation must not be neglected . Science and experience 
have sliown that impure and vitiated air is the most fruitful 
source of disease among mankind, hence the imjiortance of 
thorough ventilation. 

Gervasse Wheeler succinctly states the excellencies of a 
house to be: 

1. Convenient arrangement. 

2. Facility of construction and repair. 

3. Perfect protection from heat and cold. 

4. Adequate means of warming and ventilating. 

5. Conforming with the scenery around. 

Water Supply. 

One of the first things to be considered in making or 
securing a house is the water supply, and wherever practica- 
ble water should be bronglit into tlie house and yard. A 
spring or running stream may be utilized for this purpose, 
and by the use of a hydraulic ram water may be forced into 
pipes leading to the various 
rooms of the house. Some- 
times a spring may be found 
at an elevation which will per- 
mit the water to flow into the 
house without artificial help. 

Water should not be per- 
mitted to stagnate ; the air 
should be admitted to it freely 
by leaving cisterns exposed 
and uncovered ; 'and these 
should be located and con- 
structed where this object can 
be reached. 

Hard water rendered so 
from excess of carbonate of 
lime, can be rendered soft by 
boiling sui^'iciently ; also bv 
sulphate of lime (gypsum), by 
carbonate of soda, by potash 

added twenty-four hours before the water is needed, or by ex- 
posing it in shallow tanks two or three days to the air. The 
remedy being so simple, persons living where the moun- 
tains, limestone, or chalk abounds, need not use hard water, 
nor need they drink it where gypsum is found. 

Easy tests of good drinking water are, that it readily dis- 
solves soap without curdling, and that it cooks vegetables 
well, especially dry vegetables, as peas. Drinking water 
should be limpid, scentless, insipid (not flat or vapid), giving 
no sensation of weight when taken on the stomach, yielding 
but a slight precipitate to the nitrate of silver, the nitrate of 
barytes and the oxalate of ammonia. Its temperature should 
not greatly differ from that of the atmosphere. 

Cisterns. 

In many cases the water supply depends largely upon 
cisterns and reservoirs. There are many districts of coun- 
try where springs and wells cannot be depended on for an 
adequate amount of water for domestic purposes; while 




SI-XTIONAL VIKW OF A COMPAH TMINT CIST ¥MS. 



seasons occasionally occur which are so dry that even in 
localities considered well-watered, persons are put to serious 
inconvenience from lack of water. Hence, cisterns are 
made to take the place of wells and springs, where the 
latter cannot be depended upon. 

Brick and stone are largely used in constructing cisterns, 
though many preler a cheaper method and nearly as effi- 
cient by sinking a hole in the ground and plastering with 
liydraulic cement directly upon the walls of earth. Plank 
is sometimes used, but this method is objectionable. 

Water falling upon the roofs of buildings and conducted 
by troughs and spouts to tlie cisterns is necessarily impure. 
Dust, soot and other impurities in the air that have accu- 
mulated on tlie roofs are washed down in the first fall of 
rain, and carried with the water into the cistern. These 
impurities may be removed by filtration; no one need be 
in want of wholesome water if well-known means are em- 
plo3-ed to secure it. If the cistern is to be the main supply 

for water for domestic pur- 
poses, a roof of slate is prefer- 
able to all others ; next to 
slate the use of shingles is 
recommended ; the use of 
composition roofing material, 
into which pitch and coal tar 
largely enter, should be dis- 
carded, as they impart a dis- 
agreeable taste to the water, 
which is next to impossible to 
remove. 

It is a good plan to divide 
tlie cistern into two com- 
partments by a wall of brick 
or stone, water tight, to within 
six inches of the bottom. In 
this space place a box with al- 
ternate layers of gravel, sand 
and pounded charcoal. One 
compartment will receive the water and the other contain 
it filtered and ready for use. The following engraving 
shows a sectional view of a cistern constructed after this 
method, and from it the description given is readily under- 
stood. 

As cheap and easy a mode as the plan above given, is to 
take a cask holding perhaps a hundred gallons, and place by 
the side of the larger cistern and quite near the surface of 
the ground ; an aperture in its bottom, over which is secured 
a large sponge, is connected by a good siited pipe of wood 
or clay, w ith th.e main tank. A third part of the cask is 
now tilled with the charcoal and gravel, the conductor from 
the house is led into it, and the thing is complete. This 
has one great advantage : the filterer can be often and i-eadily 
cleaned ; while in the other case it is necessary to remove 
all the water and go down deep in order to accomplish the 
work. 

To find the capacity of cisterns the reader is referred to 
the tables given at the close of this chapter. 



±t. 



AGRICULTURE. 



25 



Cellar, Store Room and Ice-Houses. 

The practice of constructing cellars under dwellings is 
not one to be commended, as many dangerous fevers have 
been caused by the foul air from dark, damp and badly ven- 
tilated cellars; confined air without the purifying influence 
of sunlight soon becomes impure and unvvliolesome, and in 
a vast number of cases, cellars beneath houses serve as a 
reservoir for such impure air, which in addition is often 
loaded with the decomposing organic matters and foul gases 
given off by decaying vegetables. Wliile admitting that 
they are very useful, the evil connected with them is of 
such magnitude that their entire abolition would prove ben- 
eficial to everv household. Where practicable, a cellar for 
storing vegetables for winter use should be disconnected 
from the dwelling, or at least not directly beneath. Wher- 
ever located they should be kept clean, pure and well ven- 
tilated. 

It has not been very long since ice was looked upon as a 
luxury, now it is everywhere considered a necessity of civil- 
ized life. It is not 
necessary to specify 
the numerous cases in 
which ice serves a use- 
ful purpose ; notwith- 
standing its utility, 
there are many far- 
mers' families wliere it 
is a stranger in sum- 
mer. This luxury may 
be enjoyed by every- 
one at very little cost 
•where the winters are 
cold enough to form 
ice. A few dollars ex- 
pended for lumber will 
make a house that will 
last for years. A few 
days in winter w-heu there is comparative leisure will aftbrd 
time enough to procure a supply of icf sufficient for sum- 
mer use. 

Formerly it was believed that an undergi-ound structure 
was necessary for the preservation of ice. Such is not the 
case; but it is sometimes more economical to build into the 
side of a hill, and this plan saves some labor in handling ice. 
Where this plan is chosen a hill facing the north is tlie best 
to select, and high enough to allow of complete drainage. 
Damp is more prejudicial to ice than heat, hence it is 
believed that ice-houses above gr und are the best. 

For a cheap ice-house th; following is a very good plan: 

Make a frame ten feet square, of „tudding two by ten 
inches, and eiglit feet high. Eoard up rn each side, and fill 
in witli sawdust. Shingle the roof with a ventilator on the 
lop; when the ice is put in, cover with sawdust to the 
depth of three feet. Bank up with dirt, which nwt only 
forms a drain but cuts off all chance of a draught of air 
from below. If sawdust can not be had, chaff or fine straw 
will answer the purpose. 




BARN SUITABLE FOR SEVENTY-FIVE ACRES. 



In all plans for the construction of ice-houses the essen- 
tial point to be secured is tlie use of materials which are 
non-conductors of heat. The next important point is to 
secure perfect drainage. 

The collection and storing of ice does not require any 
elaborate description. The best time to save it is when it 
is perfectly solid, and before it has become honey-combed by 
warm weather. It should be cut or sawed out of the lake 
or stream in solid blocks, as large in size as can be conven- 
iently handled, and it should be stored while the weather is 
favorable. 

Barns and Other Buildings. 

A very wealthy and distinguished Illinois farmer, when 
asked to point out his house, said, pointing to a large and 
commodious structure, " Yonder, sir, is my barn, it matters 
not about the house; the barn shows the status of the 
farmer." While not fully agreeing with this gentleman 
and believing that the family deserves the first and best 

attention, and no im- 
provement gives such 
material value to a 
farm as a good, con- 
venient and comfort- 
able home, the author 
admits the force of the 
farmer's remark, in 
that one can judge the 
" status " of a farmer 
by the size and con- 
veniences of his barn 
and out - buildings. 
Barns are useful rather 
than ornamental; 
sheds and out-build- 
ings of every descrip- 
tion should follow the 
same rule. It is pleasing to note the great change in the 
past few years, in the construction of farm buildings. 
The barn, from being a rough, unpainted structure, has 
grown to be something which has required some thought 
in its plan and details as well as beauty in its adornment. 
The following plan for a barn, taken from one of our lead- 
ing agricultural papers, is of a size suitable for about 
seventv-five acres of land under cultivation on the system 
of mixed husbandry, but the size may be either ex'anded 
or diniinislied to answer all requirements. 

The principal floor is so constructed that a loaded wagon 
can be driven in at one end, unloaded and then pass out at 
the other. The granary and horse stables are situated on 
one side ; the bay, which will hold about forty tons of hay, 
is on the other side ; in addition, there is room on the plat- 
forms c\'er the floor and horse stables to hold about twenty 
tons more; the basement may be used for the storage of 
roots, which are drawn in on the barn floor and dropped 
down through' a trap. The cattle pens are also in the 
basement. 



^1 



^'^ — ^ 



.J- . 



26 



AGRICULTURE. 



Miscellaneous. 

Of the implements most used only the veiy best should be 
used. Of animals, the best of all kinds should be selected, 
even at a greater cost than the more common ; a farmer 
should take into account the use and profit of his stock; 
fancy animals are not always the best paying. 

Manuring and draining must be faithfully attended to by 
the farmer who desires to make his farm pay. 

J. J. Thomas, in his prize essay on " Farm Management," 
says the principal essentials to good farming are : 

Capital enough to buy the farm and stock it well. 

The judicious selection of a farm of a size compatible 
with these requisites. 

To lay it out in the best manner. 

To provide it well with fences, gates and buildings. 

Tlie selection of the best animals and the best imple- 
ments that can be pi-ocured at a reasonable price. 

To bring the soil into good condition by draining, manur- 
ing and good culture. 

A good rotation of crops covering every part of it. 

A systematic arrangement of all operations, so that there 
shall be no clashing or confusion. 

Diligence. 

Good management of business affairs, buying, selling, 
etc. 

The following remarks on " How to Make the Farm Pay, 
and the Methods Employed," are from a successful fanner 
in Eastern Ohio, who lias a farm of one hundred and four- 
teen acres, which iiave been under cultivation for nearly 
three-fourths of a century. 

Rewrites: "My method of farming is as follows: — A sod 
is broken up in the Spring and well top-dressed with stable 
manure, then planted in corn. The next spring it is planted 
in oats, and in the Fall again top-dressed with a mi.vture of 
about twenty-five two-horse wagon loads of stable manure 
and one bushel of common salt. The ground is then 
thoroughly pid\'erized ^vith the harrow and roller, and sown 
in_wheat and timotliy. 

Of my crop of 1S79 tliere were in wheat twelve acres, 
sown with the drill one and a half bushels to the acre, wliich 
produced five hundred and ten bushels of good clean wheat. 
The variety was the Clawson, obtained from the Agricult- 
ural Department, Washington, six years ago. Over two 
hundred bushels of tliis wheat Isold for seed. From sixteen 
acres of oats I reaped nine hundred and five bushels, having 
sown by the drill t\yo bushels to the acre. I had four acres 
Himgarian grass, twelve acres of timothy, eight acres of 
clover, eight acres of corn in rows three and one half feet 
apart, with a drill dropping one grain every twelve inches. 
Corn planted in this way produces large ears in place of so 
many small ones. I had also four acres in potatoes, onr 
acre of sweet corn. With the corn I planted pumpkins — in 
every other row of corn — about six feet apart in the rows, 
and had ninety-five loads. 

I had sixty-five acres of my farm in the crops, and left 
forty-nine acres for pasture for the stock. 



I keep six horses to do the work of my farm. Last year 
I raised eighteen Berkshire hogs and ten sheep on my 
place. My sheep raised fourteen lambs, and I clipped no 
lbs. clean washed wool. I have forty milch cows, which 
produce an average of eighty-one gallons of milk per day. 
This milk I send to town, where I receive an average of 
twenty cents per gallon. The produce of six days I sell, 
but that of the seventh I keep to make butter for the family. 
My cows are tied in the stable to be milked and fed. I have 
a small engine attached to the stable by which all the feed 
is steamed. This engine runs a machine which cuts all the 
hav and straw ; also a pair of burrs which grind the corn 
all in the ear. Equal portionsof this meal and mill feed are 
taken, mixed with the cut hay and straw, and all steamed 
together. The pumpkins are also steamed. Three pecks 
of this mixture are fed to each cow twice a day, after which 
a little dr/hay. In the winter fodder is fed to them in the 
barn-yard in the middle of the day, at which time in sum- 
mer they are turned into pasture. 

My cow barn is fifty-four feet long, thirty-eight feet wide 
and twenty-four feet high. It is divided so as to hold four 
rows of cows — two rows facing each other, divided by a 
gangway from which they are fed. Tlieroom above I make 
use of for storing hay. I have the st.ible cleaned out every 
dav, the manure and urine being run out together while 
the cows are absent; and a good bed of straw is allowed to 
each cow. 

My grain barn is 60 x 40 feet «nd 24 feet high. It is a 
bank barn with a horse stable underneath, and is fitted up 
with a hay-fork underneath. The fences on my farm are 
mostly board and wire. 

The following exhibit of the profits on my farm tell 
their own story ; 

PRODUCTS OF THE F.\RM. 



5 10 bushels V' heat, 12 acres 

905 '* Oats, 16 '* 
15 tons Hungarian Hay, 4 " 

24 " Timotliy " 12 " 

20 " Clover S " 

1 1 14 bnshels Clover Seed 

1,005 " Corn, S '• 

500 " Potatoes, 4 " 

Swee' Corn 1 *' 

iS Berkshire Hogs 
110 pounds Wool, from 10 sheep, 
14 Lambs " *' '* 

23.41 'K gallons milk, 40 cows. 



>$i.oo $510.00 



@ 



■25 
8.00. 
S.oo 
0.00. 
5.00. 

(gj .22. 

& .50. 



® 



S.oo 

■3i per lb. 
2.50 

.20 per gal. 



EXPENSES. 



226. 25 
120. CO 
ig2.oo 
1 20. CO 

S7S0 
221.10 
250.00 

30.00 
HI .00 

35-00 
• 4,'>'^2.35 

$11,626.70 



2 boys @. $15 per month $360.00 

3 men @ 300 per year 900.00 

25 tons Mill Feed @$I5 per ton 375 00 

600 bushels Ear Corn bought (jS 25c. per bushel 132.00 

iS " Seed Wheat® $[.00 " " iS.oo 

905 " Oatsraisedand fed@2Sc." " 226.25 

1 lungarian Seed sown 6 . 00 

Timothy and Clover Seed sown 2S.00 

40 bushels Seed Potatoes @ $1.00 40.00 

Threshing and extra hands 44 -OO 

1,005 bushels Corn raised and fed @ 22c 221.10 

24 tons Timothy, 20 tons Clover @ t .^^ 00 

15 " Hungarian Hay fed f ^*" 

Repairs and taxes 



215,00 

S ^.997-3S 

Total receipts $6,626.70 

" expenses .... 2,997 • 35 

Net profiU $3,629-iS 



-f 



♦jy®^^ 



u^ 




.>^j»^;s^gu7^^g.^. . 



F ALL the servants of man, the 
horse assumes the front rank, on 
account of many useful quah- 
ties, great beauty and high intel- 
ligence. In war, as in peace, in 
the pursuit of pleasure as surely 
as in the prosecution of business 
enterprises, the horse is our efB- 
cient helper, and it is not too much to 
say, he is 
our friend. 
No person 
■worthy to 
be the pos- 
sessor of 
this noble 
animal 
will need 
an appeal from us to se- 
cure him fair considera- 
tion ; but a few facts, well 
known to the accom- 
plished horseman, may be 
conveniently arranged in 
this chapter, for reference, 
in any emergency that may 
arise, as an aid to the less 
accustomed in the horse- 
loving fraternity; so that 
the intelligent animal may 
have all the advantages ol 
well-diftused information, 

in the treatment of the thousand and one incidents and 
accidents that will befall in the best regulated home. For 
the history of the horse we have no space. 

Gentle training is essential to successful management. 
We have seen men in charge of horses using such brutality 
in handling them as seemed to demand, not only the inter- 



THE ARAB1.\N HORSE. 



ference of the police, but really an exposure in the pillory. 
Therefore our first words of caution are addressed to the 
importance of procuring kind grooms; men who will 
give care and generous treatment to the quadruped at all 
hours, with that firm hand that will not allow a doubt to 
rise in the brain they govern as to reasonable mastership. 

Such a groom adds years to the life of the horse, and de- 
grees of comfort that cannot be stated to the daily experi- 
ence of the family, to which he becomes attached. 

The horse should be 
accustomed to the du- 
ties that are afterward 
to be exacted from him, 
by slow degrees. Then 
the work is never irk- 
some. Work is nat- 
ural. If theanim.al were 
allowed to run at large 
unbroken, the amount 
of exercise that would 
be voluntarily taken, as 
a rule, would be found 
in excess of that neces- 
sary to train for a 2 140 
gait. The difference is 
as between the play- 
ground and the gymna- 
.sium. In the one in- 
stance your boy ex- 
hausts himself by vio- 
lent running and jump- 
ing; in the other his 
muscles and tendons are trained by a master to the fullest 
development without needless fatigue. The cases are par- 
allel. 

Veterinary practice has greatly improved of late years, 
and many ailinents that afTect the horse are so critical as to 
demand professional treatment on the instant of discovery. 




-¥ 



■^K* 



♦^^ 



28 



HORSES. 



Other ailments are so trivial that your groom, if a man of 
average intelligence, may safely be trusted for all the medi- 
cation that is required. 

Influenza is troublesome and dangerous, and if severe the 
surgeon must be sent for; but sometimes that functionary 
lives at a distance, or, being near, he is still so much en- 
grossed by prior claims as to make it expedient that you 
should be instructed. 

Discard all advice as to bleeding, keep up the strength of 
the animal, see to the ventilation of the stable, preserve the 
warmth of the patient with clothing, and as soon as possible 
obtain advice. 

Roaring and whistling are incurable results of influenza, 
which must be avoided. 

Common colds are hardly to be distinguished from mflu- 
enza in the earlier stages, and the same rules apply; but a 
bran mash with scalded oats, and fever drinks occasion- 
ally, with rest and qui- 
et, will restore health- 
ful conditions. 

Congestion of the 
lungs comes on with 
shivering, working of 
the flanks, and quick, 
hard breathing. This 
is a case for the sur- 
geon, as delay may 
cost a life. See to it. 

In colic the animal 
suffers from distension 
of the bowels and 
much pain at inter, 
vals. When there are 
no intervals the ail- 
ment is inflammation. 
In either case call the 
doctor. Avoid gross 
feeding and you save 
from pain and danger. 

Thrush arises from one of three causes : a habit naturally 
gross, gross feeding, or filth. The symptoms are foul dis- 
charges from the frogs of the feet. Give an opening dose 
at once, let the diseased horn be removed, and use common 
salt as an exterior application every two days. The feet 
must be kept dry and clean. Much will depend on the 
state of the stable and occasional alteratives. 

If your horse comes down on his knees, let the wound 
be washed with warm water to reduce inflammation and 
take away foreign matter, then poultice well, and with care 
the hurt will disappear. Drive with a tight rein afterward. 

Wounds of various kinds may be treated in much the 
same wav, with cooling lotions if the hurt is severe. Bini- 
odide of mercury is a good dressing to reduce consequent 
swellings. When a wound is of such a kind as to require 
such treatment, wash well, then sew, and dress with arnica 
and water. 

Swelled legs and cracked heels demand tonic treatment. 




After a summer at grass these symptoms are to be looked 
for, if the animal is put to continuous work; but an alter- 
ative and good diet, with steady exercise, will correct it. 
Cracked heels call for gentle exercise, a dry stall, good 
washing, and application of glycerine ointment; that treat- 
ment long continued will remedy most cases. 

Splints are bony enlargements, usually on the inside of 
the fore legs. Rest and a strong blister will be the cure. 
Lameness arising from over work will abate with rest only. 
Curbs need not be described. In bad cases firing is neces- 
sary, but when the hock is well formed rest will give relief. 
Use a cooling lotion and biniodide of mercury externally, 
and an occasional dose of medicine. 

Strains occasionally afTect the tendons and ligaments of 
horses that are put to violent exercise. Treatment must de- 
pend on circumstances, but usually a dose of physic oc- 
casionally, cooling lotions locally applied, and a long rest 

will meet the case. In 
severe strains strong 
blisters and even firing 
may be indispensable. 
Bone spavin comes 
from strain and very 
hard work. It is an 
osseous, or bony de- 
posit, inside the joints 
of the hock. Treat- 
ment should commence 
as soon as the first 
symptom appears, as, 
for instance, the horse 
always starting lame. 
If the matter is neglect- 
ed the mischief soon 
grows incurable, but in 
the early stages much 
may be effected by prop- 
er handling. Blistering 
and firing are potent 
remedies, but they are not invincible. Much depends on 
the part of the hock affected. Even though a cure may be 
impossible, it is soinething to know that alleviation follows 
early use of our remedies. 

Corns often result from bad shoeing, and in that case the 
farrier has much to answer for. The corn indicates injury 
to the sensible sole, to which horses with weak and low 
heels are specially subject. Treat as soon as found and 
corns will yield ; but when of long standing there is no cure. 
Much may be effected by way of mitigation. The corn may 
be pared, shoes adapted to avoid pressure on the heel, and 
many ointments are vouched for as peculiarly useful in les- 
sening inflammation and pain. Some preparations have 
the eflect of promoting the growth of horn, and they may be 
had recourse to, if required. We do not suppose that we 
have enumerated all the ills to which horse-fiesh is heir, but 
the more common have been indicated, and every lover of 
the horse will welcome our few instructions. 



■^«- 



J!i 



^ 



HORNED OR NEAT CATTLE. 



29 






'#^;/,l^;-/v _ _ 








1 ki"^ ^ ' " 



13 q / >.^> ^^^ 




^"^ 



/ 













7: 




HE milky mother of the herd 
must have first thought under 
this head, and it is matter for re- 
gret that we are restricted in our 
brief dissertation to such items 
as are sure to be of practical 
value to the possessors of cattle 
who look to these pages for infor- 

n and instruction. We could not, 

e 




bre ed 

most 

profit- 

ab 1 e ; 

thetes. 
timonv is too conflicting, 
and honest cinvictions are 
too strong for the writer 
tu venture todecide "where 
doctors disagree." There 
was a time when farmers 
in this country were not 
inclined to attach due im- 
portance to the selection of the founders of their herds. 
Happily, that time has passed away. 

The best breeds come from England and Scotland, where 
about one h^ndred years ago a wealthy farmer, Bakewell, 
persuaded his neighbors that it would pay to breed only 
from the "ery choicest animals. The chief varieties come 
under the heads of the Shorthorn, divided into Holder- 



THE AYRSHIRE COW. 



ness, Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, and others; 
the Cheshire, Lancashire, Devon, Hereford, Galloway, 
Highland, Ayrshire, Shetland, Welsh, Irish, Alderney, 
and Sufiblk. Long after it was universally accepted that 
the sire should be thoroughbred, farmers adhered to 
the curious heresy that it did not matter as to the dam 
whether she was of good blood. That idea is now exploded. 
There is, of course, danger in "breeding in and in," but no 
such necessity arises to make it indispensable that the 

choicest strains should 
£_^^ be crossed with inferior 

blood. A wise eclecti- 
cism can always find 
desirable qualities that 
may be incorporated 
with the best blood on 
the ranch, and the in- 
terchange should prove 
of mutual advantage. 

Cows near calving 
tirr.e must he watched 
(l.iv and night by an 
experienced herdsman, 
and should not be kept 
in too high condition ; 
if they are too high , they 
must be bled and dosed 
with sal ts about ten days 
before the time. Dose : 
one pound of salts, thoroughly dissolved, with about two 
ounces of ginger. Four to five pints of blood may be taken, 
but wise care dispenses with such measures generally. 
Milk fever is marked by the udders becoming hard, and 
must be treated by early stripping the milk from the part 
most affected, and rubbing gently with warm water and soft 
soap. Hoove is occasioned by giving too mucli rich food in 



M 



s «* 




f-M-aoTitL ae.. 




FINE JERSEY COW. 



^^ 



SFT 



CATTLE. 



■^ 



31 



some cases, but it arises also from poorly-fed animals 
being kept in undrained meadows on coarse but copious 
diet. Lime water and turpentine may be administered in 
the early stages, before the insects that cause irritation 
have gone beyond the windpipe, but after the lungs are 
affected, no remedy can be trusted. The parasite is seldom 
found on upland pastures, but is breathed in on undrained 
lands. 

Pleuro-pneumonia is a disease that demands veterinary 
skill on the instant of discovery, and a seton in the dewlap 
is said to divert inflammation from the chest. The infec- 
tious nature of the attack makes it important that the ani- 
mal first affected should be isolated from the rest, and the 
utmost care is required to house and tend the herd — the 
well as well as the sick — through the infection. For the 
rest, be guided by the surgeon. 

Choking can generally be relieved by tnechanical press- 
ure of the hand, or by the 
use of a proper tube, such 
as is employed to enable 
the animal to e.\pel wind 
from the stomach when 
the ruminating process 
has been stopped by too 
rapid mastication. In 
either case action must 
not be delayed, or death 
will result from suffoca- 
tion or distension. Lin- 
seed oil may sometimes 
be administered with suc- 
cess in distension, and we 
have known cases in 
which relief followed the 
puncture of the stoinach 
with a penknife. Care in 
feeding obviates much 
suffering. 

Calves are often attacked with diarrhoea, and in such cases 
a tonic with a small dose of opium will suffice. In cases of 
garget in young calves, put a seton in the dewlap and house 
the sufferer warmly. Inattention and want of proper nour- 
ishment may speedily beget a terribly infectious malady. 
Care and precaution are better than cures. 

Animals are sometimes found foaming, refusing food, 
and evincing lameness. These are the signs of "foot and 
moiith disease," attended by slow fever. A pound of com- 
mon salt may be dissolved in a quart of water, with from 
one-half to three-quarters of a pound of Epsom salts, ac- 
cording to the strength of the animal, and the dose must 
be administered at once. Wash mouths and feet with a 
solution of blue vitriol, one ounce to a gallon of water, 
twice a day, and after the first drench give each day while 
the attackcontinues two drams of chloride of potash in the 
water. 

The diseases of the male and their treatment differ in 
few particulars from those already described, and usually 




THE DURHAM OR SHORT-HORNED BULL, 



in such cases, unless the owner is a man of large experi- 
ence, the veterinary surgeon must be consulted. 

Some of our readers may desire to purchase a bull for the 
advantage of their own stock, and for the accommodation 
of the neighborhood, for it is an absolute calamity to be 
surrounded by poor cattle. With the utmost care possible 
there is always danger of an undesirable cross marring the 
plans you have laid. There can be no picture of a perfect 
animal that may not differ in some particular from the 
creature that has been perhaps the ideal of some one of our 
readers, so we premise our sketch by quoting the old saw: 
" A good cow is never a bad color." What is true of one 
gender will apply also to the other, and to other particulars 
in some degree. 

Select an animal with a head rather long, the muzzle 
fine, eyes prominent and full of life, ears long and thin, the 
horns wide, the neck small and fine where it joins the head, 

and rising from the 
shoulders with a grace- 
ful curve. The shoul- 
ders should be broad, 
but not too broad at the 
junction with the neck; 
chest open, projecting 
well before his legs ; fore- 
arms muscular, tapering 
to the knee joints; the 
legs clean , handsome and 
fine boned; no hollows 
between the shoulders, 
chine and chest alike 
full; plates firm, sus- 
taining the belly so that 
it does not droop below 
the line of the breast ; the 
back broad, straight and 
flat, promising a good sir- 
loin in his progeny; the 
ribs symrnetrically rising from each to each, until the last 
aliTiosl joins the hips. The idea we seek to convey is ex- 
pressed by some writers, calling the body " the barrel." The 
hips must be wide to uphold the frame that we have partly 
described; there must be no angularity; a full, round out- 
line is needed at once for beauty and power, a little higher 
than the back on which " Priscill.i, the Puritan maiden," 
might have ridden from church with the bridegroom, John 
Alden, " in the old colony days," of which Longfellow has 
written so eloquently in Miles Staiidtsh. The quarters 
from the hip to the rump may be long and tapering from 
the hips — everything, in fact, indicating that the breeder 
has used the best models of bovine beauty and might to 
present his idea of the bull. The turls or pott-bones will 
not protrude, the rumps will be close to the tail, ana cnat 
will be a broad, well-covered addendum, in a straight line 
with the spine, falling in a pleasant curve toward the ground, 
as if its descent told of a reserve of power that might 
carry the caudal member in any position with equal ease. 



'Tu 



==;?==; 



^': 



<L 



SHEEP. 





'^^^^mnMf^M^M 



HE world i& under obligutions to 
Bakevvell for improving Ihe 
condition of the sheep. There 
are two qualities for which the 
slieep is reared — to give meat to 
our tables, and wool for domes- 
tic uses. High breeding aids 
both objects. The Tartar breed has two 
claims: rapidity of reproduction, and 
fine flavor. Long-Avooled sheep are 
mostly valued by manufactureis and 
farmers because length of staple gives 
the best price. The new Leicester 
breed of sheep (name pronounced 
Lester) heads the list. They are sym- 
metrical, carry much meat, and their 
wool is excellent. This was the breed 
to which Bakewell gave special care, 
and his prevision determined others to 
carry out artificial selection. The wise 
breeder can produce any variation of form that is found 
desirable. 

Other varieties, established on Bakewell's methods, sur- 
pass the Leicester; still the praise belongs to the master 
who showed the way. The varieties of the Dishley breed 
are the New Leicester, Lincolnshire, Teeswater, Devon- 
shire Notts, Romney Marsh, and Cotswold. Cheviot and 
Southdown sheep are short-wooled, not large, but hardy, 
calculated for mountainous or exposed regions. 

Black-faced sheep are profitable on the moors in England- 
Their faces, and frequently their legs, are black, and they 
have large, spirally-twisted horns. Their meat is good, 
and they are hardy, but do not fatten early, and the wool is 
coarse and shaggy. The Merino is the leading favorite. It 
gives a quality and flavor of meat that is literally unsur- 
passed. 

Merino wool has a fineness and felting quality not found 
in other breeds, and the weight of wool is greater. It is 
for the wool, chiefly, that the sheep farmer cultivates his 
flocks; shearing is a yearly operation, and eating is final. 
The sheep that shears advantageously is, therefore, the 
most profitable, and in that respect there is not a 
question as to the claims of the Merino. The breed is 
hardy, and accommodates itself to country and diet. The 
breed sprung from presents of " Costal ewes and rams," 
given by Edward IV., of England, to the kings of Arragon 
and Castile, in 1464; sheep were then royal donations. The 
daughter of John of Gaunt, in 1390, had as dowry a flock 
of sheep. The flocks in Spain developed such importance 
that all European nations had recourse to them to improve 
their breeds. The German states obtained aid in 1765; ten 
years later Hungary procured Merinoes; then, after eleven 
years, France concluded that its flocks should be reinforced 



by a Spanish alliance, England accepting a contribution in 
1 7S8, and repeating the dose in 1791. The "Costal ewes" 
were Cotswolds, but the spelling is modern. 

Diseases in sheep are not numerous, in comparison with 
the maladies of other domestic animals, but they are severe 
Scab, a kind of itch, arises fi om an insect in the skin, and is 
peculiarly destructive. The diseased animal seeks to r - 
lieve itself of an intolerable itching by rubbing ajjiivst 
every projection; and, wherever it rubs, the icarus remains 
to carry the infection through the flock. Sometimes a ma- 
licious sheep-owner will let a scabby sheep run at large over 
ground occupied by a neighbor, and the consequences may 
be ruinous. 

Governments in the Australian colonies were compelled 
to make the care of flocks, in this particular, a state affair. 
Infected districts were cut off' from intercourse with other 
parts of the colonies, so lar as sheep were concerned. No 
flocks could travel from them until the government in- 
spector was satisfied that the disease had been eradicated, 
and gave his certificate The treatment consisted of se- 
vere cleanliness. The flocks were sheared, tl,en washed 
thoroughly, and treated with an ointment, the composition 
of which is, in some respects, a secret to the uninitiated; 
and that course was persevered in until mercury or arsenic 
in the composition had destroyed the itch insect. When 
that result was assured the district was proclaimed clean, 
and flocks might travel. 

The insect did not affect general health in the animal 
further than was inseparable from uneasiness, inducing poor 
condition, and the wool was less valuable as well as less in 
bulk. Precautions taken by the government stamped out 
the infection and compelled care in the management of 
squatting runs, so that subsequent developments have been ' 
easily handled. 

Foot rot customarily makes its appearance in flocks ill 
cared for — allowed to graze on poorly drained lands. The 
sheep suffers greatly, and falls into poor condition otherwise. 
A good shepherd knows the consequences that must, in a 
majority of cases, follow perseverance in feeding over ill- 
drained meadow or swamp; but sometimes that cannot be 
avoided. Treatment: Remove to better conditions as 
soon as possible, and apply to the aftected feet a preparation 
of tobacco, which tones up the diseased members. Foot 
rot will always yield to treatment if taken in time. 

The sheep is subject to the attacks of a parasite that is 
known as the hydatid, which becomes incorporated with 
the vital economy of the animal, and meat so diseased is 
often sold, to the great danger of huinan life. The parasite 
is then found in man, more frequently in the liver than 
elsewhere, and unless the constitution of the person is above 
the average in strength, he must succumb. Science has not 
yet devised means to destroy this parasite, when it is able to 
extend its ravages to man. 






^s 



'Ml 







o 
g 

S 

u 

Q 

w 

Q 
O 

o 
a 

J] 

J 

b. 

M 

M 
H 



•*W ' ^#^''''''^#''?'^^ ^ 



Bfv 



HOGS. 



35 





HE China hog is the great favo- 
rite. It fattens easily', and is 
very tender. When in high 
condition, the head is scarcely 
distinguishable, save the ex- 
tremity. The meat produced 
by fattening is not as desirable 
us that of more moderate dimensions; 
but fashion is everything, and the wel- 
fare of the consumer will be no more 
considered than the comfort of the 
swine. 

The hog was originally brought from 
Asia, in varieties, the white having the 
advantage in form, but the black more 
hardy and prolitic. Crossed with other 
breeds they give good varieties. A mot- 
tled race is valued. 

When Captain Cook visited New Zea- 
land, he landed pigs, and years later the 
earlier scttlc'r-s found the islands supplied with wild hogs, 
terrific fighters, that afforded the colonists sport as well as 
breakfast bacon. Cut off from civilization, the animals had 
forgotten the art of fattening for market; were long-legged 
and meager, run to muscle and sinew, and had no ambition 
to decorate the table. Civilization is easily lost. 

The Berkshire hog is reddish brown with black spots, 
much valued as a producer of bacon. Almost innumerable 
crosses afford varieties fliat carry a great deal of choice meat. 
If kept clean they are usually free from serious diseases. 

The Suffolk breed is strong, and gives rapid increase, 
highly esteemed as a cross for the Berkshire or Dishley fam- 
ilies, are soon ready for market, and their bulk tells where 
beauty might fail. Woburn hogs are white and well formed, 
with very great readiness to lay on fat. Their limbs and 
heads are small. 

There is a very popular breed known as the Siamese, not 
large, but sj'mmetrical, short-limbed, belly almost touching 
the ground, back hollowed, bristles softer than the average, 
generally black, and skin copper color. Their origin is told 
by their name. They are not hardy. 

Hog does not always signify pig in England. In many 
parts it denotes a young sheep — a lamb in its second year- 
Most old religions forbade the use of swine flesh, and dis- 
eases are traceable to the use of pork. The Egyptians) 
among whom Moses was educated, would not tolerate its 
use; the Jews to this day abominate it; Mohammedans will 
not touch it; nor is it consumed by Hindoos; nor by Bood- 
hists. Swine are, notwithstanding, an excellent means for 
converting low-priced, bulky farm produce into a commodity 
that can be transported readily to generally profitable markets. 



We have breeds peculiar to this country. The Chester 
Whites originated in Pennsylvania, and the Magic stock was 
founded in Ohio. Critics assert that the two breeds are not 
established, and possibly their qualities may be lost in re- 
peated crosses, but it would be difficult to find one breed 
among those most pronounced that would not revert to the 
original stock, as pigeons revert to the rock pigeon, if lefl 
without intelligent supervision. Pigs left on the islands by 
Cook reacquired the ancestral qualities ; and more than one 
instance in this country offers the same lesson. Wild boars 
in Florida, clearly descended from domestic stock, present 
all the old-time characteristic features that made the boar 
formidable in Europe: Form of body, ears and tusks, black 
or red color, and bristly crest or the back. Natural marks 
remain deeply embodied in the nature of the hog, ready to 
assert their strength immediately the animal is left to renew 
the struggle for existence under conditions that demand all 
his natural powers. 

Great cleanliness is desirable in all departments of hog 
rearing, and in est.iblishments where that condition is in- 
sisted on the pig is liable to few diseases. Measles are said to 
have been bestowed on us by using pork as food ; our knowl- 
edge on the subject is too limited to speak with certainty. 

For many centuries in Europe there were no organized 
endeavors to guard the community from daily purchase of 
unwholesome meat, and it is safe to assume that millions 
were sacrificed in that thriftless method of neglecting hu- 
manity; and it is more than probable that many remnants 
of disease are inherited by us in consequence of the igno- 
rance of our ancestors. The vast aggregate of swine in the 
United States to-day, considerably over 30,000,000 head 
gives us a vital interest in all hygienic questions bearing 
on swine rearing, and it is gratifying to know that our in- 
crease of information and broader scientific insight prom- 
ises large immunity from serious maladies. 

A fearful disease, known as trichiniosis, was observed in 
1862, in Saxony, and the following year at Hettstadt, arising 
from a minute worm in human muscle. In the year 1S64 a 
similar epidemic broke out in Cheektow.ago, N. Y. Prof. 
Owen, the great anatomist, in 1S35, discovered the minute 
worm known as trk/iifia spiralis, a parasite of the hog, to be 
feared where the animal is reared without cleanliness, and 
almost certain to rage where the meat is eaten uncooked, or 
not cooked sufficiently. In many localities that custom pre- 
vails, and nothing can be done in the premises beyond warn- 
ing againsst the practice fraught with suffering and danger. In 
earlier centuries, when the microscope was unknown, mys- 
terious plagues carried off millions, certainly in consequence 
of dirt, and ignorance, superinducing parasitic assaults, sim- 
ilar to trichiniasis ; and we cannot too zealously use the 
means at our disposal to protect posterity from like afflictions. 



1 VS 

- — sjr 



JJc 



yV 



POULTRY. 




^-=> 



'^-^". 



^ POUI^TRY. ^|3,. 



-o-^ 



OULTRY comes from the 
French foule, signifying lien, 
from "which comes our pullet, 
a young hen. The word cov- 
ers all domestic fowls reared 
for useful purposes. Origi- 
nally the barn-door fowl was 
understood and implied, but 
now guinea fowls, turkeys, 
geese, ducks, and even pigeons, come under 
the same head. We glance at a few lead- 
ing varieties. 

The .Shanghai, a tall, up-standing bird, 
attains great size, the male having ex- 
ceeded twelve pounds at fifteen months, 
and the female scarcely less. They are good 
layers, and good investments, apart from 
style. 

The Bankiva, from Java, may be a varia- 
tion from fowls taken there by the Dutch, 
male bird is the handsomer. The barn-door fowl is 
now crossed with so many varieties that our ancestors might 
well he astonished at the sight of the birds coming under that 
cognomen in our farm yards. Game birds, reared for fighting 
qualities, might more appropriately have our care because 
of the superior meat. 

The Dorking is line, almost always white in both sexes, 
of great size, juicy and tender. 

The Chittagong or Malay, is large boned and long legged, 
but the meat is good, and their eggs are much valued for size 
and flavor; feathers, dark brown or black, with yellow 
streaks; cross well with the common fowl. 

The Jago, or Paduan, is a variety of the Spanish. A rich 
black with, in some instances, a few white feathers on the 
breast. The male is majestic, and numerous sections of the 
family are noted for qualities that make them welcome. 
They scarcely ever cease laying. 

Crested foivls are mostly variations of the common type, 
the chief peculiarity being the crest or tuft, such as is seen 
in Polish birds. The hens produce many eggs. 

The Bantam is valued more as a curiosity than as an in- 
vestment, but is not without advocates. 

The Rumkin has no tail, its comb is seldom indented, 
wattles a blood color, feathers ranging from dusky orange 
to beautiful variegations. The frizzled variety has all its 
feathers curled, is rather wild, but its delicate flavor justifies 
a little extra care. The Siberian, sometimes called the Rus- 
sian, has tufts springing Irom each jaw, and a silky tuft 
springs from the back of the hen's head. Colors vary, but 
they are usually handsome. The Barbary breed is distin- 
guished by a tuft on t e crown. The Java seems to be a 
cross between the Malay and Dorking. The Cochin-China 
excels most breeds in size and power. 



To make hens lay during the winter, and keep them lay- 
ing, keep them warm and dry, and give them hot food, 
such as boiled potatoes, and meat occasionally. 

There are not many varieties of the turkey, but they 
vary in color and size. The black are fo: nd most hardy. 
The hen turkey cannot train her chicks to feed themselves, 
hence it is necessary to employ a keeper for the young 
broods. The same kinds of food as are given to the smaller 
poultry will serve; but they can be depended on to feed 
themselves if allowed liberty. 

Geese are not remarkable for variety. The Toulouse 
attains great dimensions, is slaty, with brown or black bars, 
inclining to a dark brown on the head and back. The 
Chinese consists of many varieties, not so large as the last 
named, but as good eating, and as easily fattened. The 
common goose is divided into white and grej-, but the dis- 
tinction is arbitrary, as eggs of the same laying will, in al- 
iTiost every case, give both white and grey. 

The goose will lay more eggs if relieved from hatching, 
and that can be arranged by allowing a turkey hen to dis- 
cliarge that function. Some breeders employ artificial in- 
cubiition, but that is attended with great outlay and trouble. 
Boiled oats three times a day, with plenty of milk, will fat- 
ten green geese, or after maturity; but they are voracious, 
and should be regaled with coarse diet, or allowed to shift 
for themselves. 

Ducks are distinguished as Rouen, Aylesbury, and Mus- 
covy. There are sub-varieties, but we do not stop to note 
every feather. The Muscovy is voracious, but prolific, and 
easily fattened, and may be trusted to look after its own 
dietary scale. The same may be said of other breeds. 
Ducks are fattened in Normandy, as geese at Strasbourg, 
to increase the dimensions of the liver, and if the poor birds 
are suflbcated in the process, the breeder does not lose, as 
the defunct is bled, and the lueat is as good as ever. 

When molting, the bird must be well fed, and an addition 
of cayenne pepper is sometimes called for. They must also 
be kept warm and clean. If the feathers drop at other 
times, add to former precautions the use of sulphur and nitre, 
mixed with butter, as alteratives. 

Pip is a disease that thickens the tongue until breathing 
is difficult. Give plenty of clean water, anoint the swollen 
tongue with oil, and adiuinister pills of scraped liorse- 
radish, garlic, and a small portion of cayenne. Roup is an- 
other diseased condition, not unlike influenza. Dirt, severe 
cold, too hot feeding, and want of exercise produce roup. 
Such stimulants as mentioned may be administered. The 
bird must be kept warm and quiet. Some successful breed- 
ers use pellets of powdered gentian, i oz.; powdered ginger, 
I oz. ; Epsom .Salts, i^^ oz. ; and flour of sulphur, i oz., made 
up with butter. Other diseases are comparitively rare, and 
may generally be treated with some gentle stimulant, added 
to care for the warmth and cleanliness of the patient. 






W 

r 



-4- 



DOMESTIC PETS. 







DOMESTIC PETS. 




o-^ 



HAT is a hard, comlbrtless home 
in whicli there are no domestic 
pets. Even a cat maj be a re- 
deeming feature, with all the 
sugge stiveness of use and wont 
looking toward old maidhood. 
The aristocratic hairdresser that 
could not shave a sweep, defended ex- 
clusiveness, saying: "We must draw 
the line somewhere." That is our reason 
for excluding cats. 

Squirrels, dormice, white mice, and 
other little creatures are too rare to be 
granted more than a word. Their cages 
ought to be kept clean and sweet, and 
''3^ 'lie revolving cylinder part of the fittings 
of a squirrel's cage should inost assuredly 
be banished from the homes of the cap- 
tives, who realize in them ingenious tort- 
ures. Give the little fellow a large cage 
and a branch of a tree, and you deserve his gratitude. Neither 
squirrel nor dormouse shows to advantage. They are impris- 
oned, not domesticated, and would gladly change all the com- 
fort and security you bestow for one day of liberty and danger 
in the woods. Mice are really domestic; in many houses too 
much so for the comfort of families, and when wanted as 
pets they have no traditions of the woods to make the palace 
cage a prison. They are found white, perfect albinos, and also 
grey and mottled. Some of their keepers assert that they sing- 
Canaries were first brought from Madeira and the islands 
whose name they bear early in the i6th century, and they 
became royal favorites. Accustomed to a warmer and more 
equable climate than ours, it is certain that, except in con- 
finement, they could not live in this country. In England 
there are canary societies, formed by the owners, not by the 
birds, and out of these associations have arisen crosses about 
which connoisseurs wax eloquent. There arc as many dif- 
ferences of color as of note, and all are beautiful. 

Canaries want change of food. A little bread soaked in 
milk, not boiled, unless as medicine, a little green food, and 
besides the seed, which should be the best, a little ripe fruit 
or rice pudding, or some such delicacy. If the bird is sick, 
a red rusty nail in water is a tonic. 

For hoarseness give Spanish licorice, and if any malady 
passes your birdcraft, seek a bird-doctor with more knowl- 
edge; but meantime it is safe to put the little fellow in a 
warm bath, holding him tenderly, the temperature about 
ninety-six degrees, immersion all but the head, to continue 
three minutes. After the bath see the bird placed where it 
will not be chilled, in the sunshine, or near the fire. 

You observe that the claws grow rapidly and his move- 
ments are impeded. Take the little creature in your hand 
and pare the claws carefully; run no risk of drawing blood. 
The same rules applv to other birds. 

45 



Nestling birds require feeding every two hours, and gen- 
erally go to sleep when their wants are supplied. The best 
diet is bread soaked in water, squeezed till nearly dry, 
mixed with rape seed newly scalded with boiling water, and 
let cool. The mixture cannot be too finely chopped, and 
baby birds seldom hurt themselves indulging too freely. 
They should be covered warmly for the night. 

Nearly all birds can be trained to know and trust the 
hand by which they are fed, more especially if accustomed 
to the same presence from nurslings. 

Bullfinches should have no sweets. Rape and canary 
seed, with occasional resort to green food and hemp seed, 
will keep them in excellent health. They can be taught 
airs, and are very quick observers in most matters. The 
Germans train them in classes, a boy playing a bird-organ, 
but best trainers depend on whistling. They can be taught 
amusing tricks, but the purchaser needs acquire the art of 
the professor and continue practice after molting, as that 
process weakens the memory of the leathered favorite. 

The goldfinch is more active, and has more genius for 
mechanics. It is easy to believe the little actor takes pleas- 
ure in matinees of which he is the star. Epilepsy is one of 
his weaknesses. When seized his head should be plunged 
in a cold bath, the body also immersed once or twice, after 
which low diet of lettuce seed and thistles for several davs. 
The goldfinch is a good mate for the canary, but apt to de- 
stroy the eggs. 

In Germany the siskin is much valued as a cage bird. It 
is smaller than the canary, and not loud, but the note very 
sweet, and the captive very teachable — a kind of eccentric 
comedian among birds. It mates well with the canary, and 
may be fed in the same way, but more abundantly. 

The chaffinch is so gi-eat a favorite in Germany that a 
proverb says, "A chaffinch is worth a cow." 

The best wa3' to keep birds is to give them a room, as an 
aviary, with miniature trees as perches, and double doors to 
prevent escape. Attention to cleanliness is essential, and 
care in diet will render medicine a rare necessity. 

The canary originally brought from the islands was green. 
Almost every plum.age may be obtained by crossing. 

Sparrows are not great pets in this country, but though 
not rare, they are handsome creatures and very cunning. 

The indigo bird, the Dominican and Widah are beautiful. 
The first is native in Carolina and New York; the latter 
are African, but naturalized. The tail of tlie widah is long 
and graceful. The Virginian nightingale is cardinal red, 
with feathers glossy black about the head and neck. 

In addition to the diet of the canary a few meal worms or 
other such insects are needed for perfect vigor. 

Parrots, paroquets and cockatoos are gorgeous birds, 
strong and easily trained, capable of imitating the human 
voice with some accuracy. Many chapters might be written 
on the dove, the pigeon, the nightingale, wren and robin, but 
space is wanting. 



SRT 



JV' 



AGRICULTURE. 



,1 








N\V 1 NE 


6 


5 


4 


3 


2 


sw 1 SE 


7 


S 


9 


10 


1 1 


13 


iS 


17 


16 


■S 


M 


13 


lO 


20 


21 


22 


^3 


2+ 


30 


-=9 


2S 


■=7 


26 


25 


3' 


i^ 


ii 


3< 


35 


36 



Government Land Measure. 

A township consists of 36 sec- 
tions, e.ach I mile square ; a section 
contains 640 acres ; a quarter section, 
^ mile square — 160 acres; an eigiitli 
section, J4 a mile long, north and 
south, and ^ mile wide — So acres ; 
and a sixteenth section, ^ mile 
square, 40 acres, which is the small- 
est sized tract, except fractions, sold 

by the government. In the surveys 

of Public Lands of the United States thcv are laid out in 
ranges of townsliips which run longitud'mallv, and are 
numbered on the maps in Roman characters, or capital 
letters, according to their proximity to the northern border 
of a .State. The ranges of townships run from west to 
cast; the exh-eme northern line of townships in any State 
would be all number i, the next number 11, and so on 
down. In a townsliip the sections are all numbered i to 36, 
beginning at the north-east corner, as shown in tb.e dia- 
gram. 

Contents of Fields and Lots. 

The following table will assist farmers in making an ac- 
curate estimate of the amount of land in different fields 
under cultivation : 



10 rods 


X 


16 rods 


= I A. 


S " 


X 


20 " 




S " 


X 


32 " 


=. I *' 


4 " 


X 


40 " 


= 1 " 


5 yards 


X 


ofiS •■ 


= I " 


10 •* 


X 


4.S4 yards 


c= I " 


30 *' 


X 


2ri '• 


-= 1 " 


40 " 


X 


12t •• 


= 1 '* 


&, '• 


X 


60'^" 


— I " 


70 " 


X 


69'-;" 


-= 1 " 


220 feet 


X 


193 feet 


■= 1 " 


440 " 


X 


99 " 


= I " 


110 '* 


X 


.369 '■ 


^= I " 


60 " 


X 


726 " 


-=. I " 


120 •* 


X 


s^ii •• 


E- I ** 


240 " 


X 


Ibijs feet 


-= I •' 


200 " 


X 


mSlV '■ 


=. U" 


100 " 


X 


'4515 " 


- '4" 



100 feet 

2^ " 
25 " 
25 " 
25 
25 



2:7? square feet 

4356 " 

0534 " 

S713 " " 

loSgo " " 

i.io6S " " 

15246 " " 

17424 " " 

19003 " 

21780 '* " 

321.70 " 

34S4S " 



loS^ feet-= li A 
100 " == .^57 4 " 
no " =. .o'.ii " 
120 •• ~=^ .cy'^H '* 
125 " — .0717 " 
= .iry " 

- -05 " 
t=. .10 *' 

- .15 " 
= .20 *' 



- -^5 

- -30 
= -35 

- .40 
~ -45 
= .50 

- -75 
-= .So 



The Number of Ralls, Riders and Stakes Required for Every Ten 
Rods of Zigzag Fence. 



Length of 
Rail. 


Deflection 

from right 

line. 


Leni^th 

of 
Panel. 

Feet. 


Num- 
ber of 
Panels, 


No. of rails for 
each 10 rods. 





^ 


Feet. 


Feet. 


Feet. 


<; rails 
lush. 


rtralls 
liish. 


7rai]s 
high. 




12 

Ik 


6 


S 
10 
12 


20IJ 
l6Ji; 


103 
6q 


121 


'44 
116 


2 ^ 


1 1 



For longer distances than 10 rods, the proper number of rails, etc., 
may lie coniputed by multiplying. For instance: If for 50 rods of fence, 
multiply the .above number bys; iffor 100, multiply by 10, etc. The like 
rule Will apply to the ne.\t. 

The Number of Rails and Posts Required for Each Ten Rods of 
Post and Rail Straight Fence. 



c -^ 


OS 


. 

5 o- 





Number of rails for each 10 rods. 


^2 


S rails 
liigh. 


6 rails 
high. 


7 rails 
high. 


S rails 
hiBh. 


10 
12 

H 


8 
10 

12 


20H 
11^ 


21 

'7 

'4 
12 


'03 
S3 
69 

57 


123 

(X, 


144 
110 

95 

Si 


'65 
'33 
109 
93 



Space and Quantities of Seed Required to the Acre. 



DESIGNATION 



AsparasfLis. . 

" Roots 

Eno^. Dwarf 

Heans 

French Dwarf 

Beans 

Beans, pole 

^J'lrge 

Beans, pole 

small 

Beets 

Broccoli and 

Kale 

Cabbage 

Cauliflower. , 

Carrot 

Celery 

Cucumber.. . 

Cress 

E^ir Plant. . 

Endive 

Leek 

Lettuce 

Melon 

Nasturtim.. . 

Onion 

Okra 

Parsley .... 

Piirsnip 

l*eppers.. . 

Peas 

Pumpkin ... . 

Radish 

Salsify 

Spinach 

Squash 

Tomato 

Turnip 

Watermelon, 



SPACE ,\ND q.UANTlTV OF SEEDS. 



I nz product s i.ooo plants, ami requires a bed 12 ft. sq, 
1,000 plants a bed 4 teet wide 225 feet long, 

I quart plants from 100 to 150 feet of row. 

I " *' " 2j;o to 350 feet of row, 

I ** *• 100 hills, 

I " " 30 hills nr 250 feet of row. 

10 lbs. to the acre, i oz. piiin.s 150 feet of .ow, 

T oz. plants 2,500 plants, and requires4C -^q. ft. of ground. 

Karly sorts same as broccoli, and requ e (« sq. ft. *' 

The same as cabbage 

1 oz. to T50 of row. 

I oz. irives 7 oco plants, and requires sq. feet of ground. 

I oz. for 150 hills. 

I oz. sows u bed lb feet square, 

I oz. tjives 2.0-0 jilan's. 

I oz. gives ^noo plants, and reqn'.,<=s Sofcet of g;round. 

1 " " 2,000 *• and reqi li-es 60 feet of ground. 

I ** ** 7,000 ** and req u: es seed bed oi 120 fu 

1 oz. for 120 hills. 

I oz. sows 25 feet of row, 

1 oz. " 200 " " 

1 oz. " 200 '* ** 

I oz. *' 200 •' *• 

1 oz. *' 250 *' " 

I oz. gives 2,500 plants. 

I quart sows 120 feet of i-;*v, 

1 oz to 150 hills. 

J oz. to 100 feet. 

I oz. to 50 feet of ro'vv 

I nz. to 200 feet of ro ,v. 

1 oz. to 75 hills. 

I oz. gives 2,500 planls, requiring seed bed »»f So feet. 

1 oz. to 2,oxtfeet. 

I oz. to 50 hills. 



Quantities of Seeo Required to the Acre. 



Qi:an 
Designation, of se 

Wbeat , , 1?^ to 2 

Barley i !4 to 2 ^ 

Oats 2 to 4 

Rye I to 2 

Buckwheat K *■" ' K 

Millet 1 to i"^ 

Corn J^ 10 T 

Beans i to 2 

Peas. zM to 31^ 

Hemp I to 15^ 

Flax - . »^ to 2 

Rice 2 to aj-^ 



titv 
d. 
bush. 



Quantity 
ot seed. 



Designation, 

Broom Corn i to 1% bush. 

Potatoes 5 to 10 

Timothy. , 12 to 24. 

Mustard S to 20 

Herd Grass 12 to \6 

Flat Turnip 2 to 3 

Red Clover 10 to 16 

White Clover.. .. 3 to 4 

Blue Grass 10 to 15 

Orchard Grass. . . 20 to 30 

Carrots 4 to 5 

Parsnips 6 to S 



quarts. 



lbs, 



Number of Loads of Manure and Number of Heaps in Each 
Load Required to an Acre,, the Heaps at Given Distances Apart. 



'S . 

§11 






NUMBER 


OF HEAPS IN 


A LO 


\D. 






si'" 


I 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


s 


9 


10 


3 


5',S 


2.X) 


'79 


'34 


loS 


89'/^ 


77 


67 


60 


54 


V/z 


(95 


I OS 


'32 


99 


79 


66 


50'/ 


49'/, 


44 


39/ 


4 


203 


'5' 


101 


IS'A 


bo% 


50'/, 


43 '-X 


37>i 


33 '/^ 


.30K 


4!^ 


2.W 


120 


79^ 


60 


47^4 


.1944 


.34 '4 


30 


20^ 


24 


5 


'«4 


97 


<.<4'/ 


4S'^ 


,3Sy4 


32 '4 


274i 


24 '4 


21'/ 


'9'4 




lOO 


So 


W^ 


40 


32 


2h)4 


22X 


20 


'744 


16 


6 


131 


07 


44*^ 


331* 


27 


22)4 


19'4 


io'4 


15 


• ^•A 


bVz 


'15 


57'/ 


X='i 


2S45 


23 


19 


io'4 


14 '-4 


124< 


11'/ 


7 


i» 


49'/. 


33 


244i 


'9';, 


.f.!4 


■4 


i.:V, 


11 


10 


r- 


t* 


43 


2SJ4 


■i'V, 


'7fei 


'4 '4 


'■!'/( 


^0% 


9'/ 


SK 


75!4 


37 H 


25'4 


'9 


'544 


■2'/. 


'o'4 


9^6 


S'.4 


7v; 


S!4 


07 


.33 J4 


22 !i 


■OH 


n'A 


"M 


9'/ 


SJ4 


7'/ 


(•H 


9 


Co 


30 


20 


'S 


12 


10 


s 


7*i 


0^ 


6 


oY, 


53 '-4 


20*; 


iS 


'M 


'0*( 


9 


74i 


b¥, 


6 


5'^ 


10 


48^4 


2('4 


i6!< 


12 


9^4 


8__ 


7_. 


(> 


SM 


4K 



Explanation. — The left hand column gives ;he distance in yards be- 
tween the heaps each way in each row; at the top of the columns are 
indicated the number of heaps in each load, and the number of loads re- 
quired per acre will be found at the point where the two lines meet. 



"a v 



Ji^ 



AGRICULTURE. 



39 



-^ 



Nutritive Equivalents of Various Foods. 



Irish Potatoes 

Carrots 

Parsnips 

Jerusalem Artichoke 

Sugar Beet 

Turnips (Swede) 

Common White Turnip 

Mangel Wurtzel 

Green Pea Straw 

Spurrey (ijreen) 

Green Buckwheat Stalks.. . . 
Common Vetch (green).... 

French Vetch (green 

Green Stalks White Lupm.. 
Green Stalks AVhite Bean.. 

Green Oats (fodder) 

Tnnothy Grass (green) 

Red Top ■• " 

Superior English Hay 

Red Clover (green) 

White Clover " 

Lucerne '* 

Red Clover (hay) 

WhiteClover " 

Lucerne *' 

Wheat Flour 

Indian Corn 

Rye Meal 

Barley Meal 

Oatmeal 

Buckwheat Meal 

Peas 

Kidney Beans 

White Field Beans 

Lentils 

Knglish Linseed Cake 

American Linseed Cake. . .. 



Amount 
of flesh- 
forming 
natter ir 
lOO lbs. 



1-4 
0.6 



I .0 

0.9 



0.9 

2-7 

0.2 
1-9 

°-l 

i.S 
1.0 

I.D 
4.0 

3-3 

IS-? 
2.0 
■■5 
1-9 
22.5 
1S.7 
.2.7 

'4-7 
i 1 .0 

'•1.3 

n.o 

iS.o 

9.0 

23-1 
23-9 
24.0 

25-7 
22. ( 



Amount 
of fat 
forming 
matter ir 
100 lbs. 



1S.9 
6.6 
7.0 

i.S.S 

13.6 
5-2 
3 3 

12.6 
7-9 
2-3 
4-7 
2.6 

4-7 
2-3 
2-7 
S-5 
9-7 
S.7 

36.3 
3I> 
2-7 
3-6 

1S.7 
40.0 
3S.0 
60,4 

55. S 
52.0 
51.1 
52. ■ 
41.9 

39-3 
39-7 
3S.9 
5..0 
4S.6 



Total nu 
tritivc 

matter ir 
100 lbs. 



20.^ 

7-2 

6.2 
IQ.S 

'4-S 

6.2 

4.2 

T.i.6 

S.,S 

SO 

4 9 

4-S 

S-4 

4.' 

3-7 

9 5 

13 7 

12.0 

40. S 

5-« 

4.2 

55 

41.2 

5i-7 

50.7 

Si . I 

77-7 
70. 1 
65.0 
69. 1 
61.1 
65.0 
63.2 

63.7 
64.6 

73-' 
70. S 



Nutritive 
equival'ts 
of ion lbs. 
best En>;- 

lish hay. 



2tS-3 
691 .6 
<»7-3 

2S'S 

.536.5 
8032 
1I.S5.7 

id:. 6 

565 9 

960.0 
iot6.6 
1 106.6 

922.2 
1212. I 
1345-9 

524.2 

363.4 
4IS-0 
100. o 
907.1 
1185.7 

90s -4 
120. S 
84.6 
9S.2 
61 .4 
64.2 
71.0 
76.0 
72.0 
Si. 5 
76.0 

7S-7 
7S 2 
77.0 
6S.0 
70.3 



Weiglits of Grain, Seeds, etc., 

showing the weight of grain, seeds, etc., per busliel, as 
established by tlie Legislatures of tlie following States. 
The letter ;« indicates sold by measure. 



Wheat, lbs 

Rye 

Corn 

Oats 

Barley 

Buckwheat 

Clover Seed 

Timothy Seed. . . . 

Flaxseed 

Hemp Seed 

Blue Grass Seed 
Apples, dried. . . . 
Peaches, dried .. . 

Coarse Salt 

Fine Salt 

Potltoes 

Peas 

Beans 

Cnstor Beans 

Onions 

Corn Meal 

Mineral Coal . . . 



5660 
S656 
56,56 
2S30 
46 



46 



SO 



To reduce cubic feet to bushels, struck measure, divide 
the Cubic feet by 56 and multiply by 45. 

Capacities of Cisterns. 

J^or a Circular Cis/crii, take the diam. in feet, square tliat 
and multiply by .7S539S; that gives the area in feet; multi- 
ply this by 1.72S and divide by 231, and you will have the 



number of gallons capacity of one foot in depth of the cis- 
tern; from this calculate the depth. 

Ifjora Square Cistern, multiply length by breadth, and 
proceed to multiply the result by 1.72S and to divide by 231, 
as before. Calculated in this way we find that each foot in 
depth of a 



CIKCULAR CISTERN. 




SQUARE 


CISTERN. 


5 feet 


m di 


am 


holds 


4.« bbls. 


5 feet by 5 feet holds 


5.92 bbls. 


6 " 








6.71 " 


6 ' 


6 " 




8-54 " 


I :: 








9 '3 " 


7 * 


X " 




11.63 " 








M.93 '• 


6 ' 


S " 




15.19 •• 


9 " 








15.10 " 


' 


9 " 




l9-.i9 " 


10 " 








1S.65 ■■ 


10 ' 


10 " 




2374 " 



In calculating the capacity of cisterns, etc., 31 }i gals, are 
estimated to i barrel, and 63 gals to i hogshead. 

To Compute the Weiglit of Live Cattle. 

For cattle of a girth of from 5 to 7 feet, allow 23 lbs. to 
the superficial foot. For a girth of from 7 to 9 ft., allow 
31 lbs. to the superficial foot. For small caltle and calves 
of a girth from 3 to 6 ft. allow 16 lbs., to the cubic foot. 
For pigs, sheep, and animals measuring less than 3 ft. 
girth, allow 11 lbs. to the superficial foot. 

Rule. — Measure the girth in inches back of the shoulder, 
and the lengtli in inches from, the square . the buttock to 
a point even with the point of the shoulder blade. Multi- 
ply the girth by the length, and divide the product by 
144 for the superficial feet, and then multiply the superfi- 
cial feet by the number of lbs. allowed as above for cattle 
of variotis girths, and tlie product will be the number of 
pounds of beef, veal or pork in the four quarters of the ani- 
mal. To find tlie number of stone, divide the num.ber of 
pounds by 14. 

The following 
the subject: 

Length. Renton"s Table. Gary's Table, 

ft. in. stone, lb. stone, lb. 



is compiled from two English works on 



Girth 
ft. in. 
5 



S o 



24 
27 

^t 

3!' 

43 
45 
48 

64 

70 5 
99 S 



. .. - 21 00 

o 24 00 

1 27 00 

i 34 .07 

S 38 " 

I 43 00 

9 45 07 

o 4S 00 

6 64 07 

70 03 

99 12 

5 107 06 



Showing the Difference between Good Hay and the Substances 
noted below, as l^ood for Stock, being the Mean of Experi- 
ment and Theory. 



100 lbs. of Hay are equal to 



27s 
442 
360 
'164 
iSo 
153 
200 
201 
■75 
3.i9 
504 
300 



Green Indian Corn. 
' Rve Straw. 

■ Wheat " 

■ Oat 

■ Barley " 
Pea ■ " 
Buckwheat Straw. 

■ Ra\v Potatoes. 

' Boiled Potatoes. 
Mangel Wurtzel. 
' Turnips. 

■ Carrots. 



100 lbs. of Hay are equal to 



54 


• Rve. ' 


46 


• Wheat. 


59 


' Oats. 


45 


' Peas and Beans mixed. 


'■4 


' Buckwheat. 


57 


' Indian Corn. 


M 


' Acorns 


105 


' Wheat Bran. 


10:) 


■ Rve 


.67 


' Wheat, Pea and Oat 




Chaff. 


179 


' Rye and Barley, mixed. 



The following table show? the amount of hav or its 

equivalent per dav, required bj each 700 lbs of live weight 
of various animals: 

Working Horses 3.0S lbs. 

" Oxen 2.40 " 

Fatting' Oxen 5.00 *' 

" " when fat 4.00 •* 

Milch Cows from 2.25 to 2.40 " 

Dry " 2,42 " 

Young; growing' cattle 3.0S " 

SteiM-s 2.S4 *' 

Pififs 3.00 " 

3.00 " 



J^i 



40 



AGRICULTURE. 



Contents of Corn-Cribs containing Corn in the Ear, Computed 
on a Basis of 3,840 Cubic Inches per Bushel. Height of 
Crib, 10 feet. 



Lgth. 


10 


1 1 


12 


'3 


'4 


15 


16 


■ S 


20 


22 


24 


25 


2.S 


30 


,f ^ 


n^; 


140 


1G3 


17=; 


1^ 


202 


216 


243 


270 


20V 


.V4 


SSI 


.17 s 


4"S 


^ t'/! 


i,S 


■7! 


■ So 


20 !; 


231 


2,V> 


2=;s 


2!>-t 


.V5 


M7 


S7'^ 


410 


41' 


47.1 


.H 4 


iSo 


iqS 


210 


2,H 


2.;2 


270 


2bS 


324 


,,«) 


.S'/> 


4!^ 


4ns 


S"4 


.Si" 


.c 4!« 


201 


22 1 


21? 


2'Ji 


2!5,1 


.^"4 


,12 4 


.V'^ 


4"^ 


44" 


44s 


S27 


.S"7 


ooS 


■5 S 


22c 

2+S 


2+8 


270 


202 


3'S 


.vi7 


.'.'o 


4(,q 


4 So 


49i 


S4) 


5'>=i 


O.jO 


"7.'; 


S 'i'A 


272 


2Q7 


,V2 


3t7 


.171 


.-(,-/, 


44" 


49S 


S4S 


59* 


<4+ 


"9.1 


Sio 


m * 


270 


2q7 


3-!4 


3SI 


.17'-' 


4C"; 


4i- 


4iO 


';4o 


S"! 


IHS 


7C2 


75" 


b% 


2Q? 


322 


.1S1 


,,Ni 


410 


■),!<( 


4mS 


S27 


ss-- 


"4t 


702 


70. 


SlO 


S7S 


7 


^,;i 


.147 


.17^ 


4«) 


It" 


472 


5"4 


S"7 


..JO 


im 


75" 


Sly 


SS2 


945 


r- 


V 


40^ 


4-,il 


47,1 


=;'-• 


liu 


oos 


"7S 


741 


Sio 


>7S 


94S 


lOl.f 


yx) 


m 


4,V 


40s 


^o( 


SP 




64S 


720 


? 


S04 


9.1" 


lOOb 


loSo 


.S'/4 


,SS1 


421 


4W 


407 


SV-i 


S74 


012 


OSo 


"OS 


9IS 


99S 


1071 


114s 


9 


40s 


4t" 


4^0 


S2/. 


w 


(j<j7 


04s 


7215 


Sid 


S91 


972 


■05.1 


11.14 


1215 


10 


4W 


49^ 


■Sto 


ss. 


sw 


07 >; 


720 


Sic 


QOO 


990 


loSo 


1170 


12O0 


i;i.s9 


I [ 


4Q^ 


';i=i 


594 


<H,? 


(-XJ1 


74-! 


792 


Soi 


990 


loSq 


11SS 


,2S7 


•.IS" 


■4S5 


ij 


_llo 


_J21 


_tHS 




_^ 


Sio 


fy>4 


972 


loSo 


I1S.S 


12y/) 


1404 


1512 


1620 



Example. — Unik-r 2'^ nml opposite 8 is i,0()S, representinEf the number 
of bushels of C'. I'll in tliu e;ir contained in a crib 2S tt Inpif, S ft. witlc, 
and 10 feet hi^li. This space would contain i,Soo bushels of shelled 
corn. 

Rule whev tiieCribis Flakkd Both Ways. — Multiply half the sum 
of the bntibm breadths in fee/ by the perpendicular height in feet, and the 
same a^ain by the leni^th in feet; muhiply the hist (iroduct by .63 ior 
heaped bushels of ears, and by .42 for tlie number ot" bushels in shelled 
corn. This rule is based on the trenerallv accepted estimate that 3 
heaped half busliels of tais, or 4 even full, form i ut shelled corn. 



Comparative YieSd of Various Vegetables. 
Pounds Weight Per Acre. 



Productions in 



JIops . .. 

Wheat. 

Harley.. 

Oats..., 

Peas.... 

Beans. 

Plums. . 



Lbs. 


pel- -A. 


442 


I 2tX) 


I (100 


1 S40 


I 920 


2 000 


2 000 



Cherries . 
Onions . . 

Hay 

Pears.. .. 
Grass . . . . 
Carrots... 
Potatoes . 



Lbs. 
per a. 



2 000 
2 Soo 
4 000 
5; 000 
7 000 
(> Soo 
7 -SOO 



Ap|)les 

Turnips 

Cinque-foil ^rass 
V'etclies, green.. 

Cabbaires 

Parsnips 
MangelWurzel . 



per a, 

S (X.O 

S420 

9 c«o 
y Soo 
TO 900 
1 1 200 
22 000 



One acre will produce 224 lbs. mutton, 1S6 lbs. beef, 2,900 lbs. milk, 
300 lbs. butter, and 200 lbs. cheese. A fair crop ot potatoes from 16 
bushels of seed is 340 bushels. 

Exhibiting the Capacities of Grain Bins, etc., 10 Feet High. 



■S . Bin 1 Binl Bin| Bin 


Bin 


Bin 


"BirT 


Bin 


Bin 


Bin 


Bin 


Bin 


Bin 


r-^ 


6 fl. 


7 "■ 


S II. 


ft. 


10 fl 


11 11 


1 2 1 1 


■Itt 


14 It 


lOt. 


16 tt. 


20 tt. 


22 11. 


Lsf. 


L^' 


L?. 


I-s. 


La:. 


I^iT 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Ls. 


Lit. 

Bu. 


Ls. 


1.1.'. 




Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


3 


145 


169 


192 


217 


2(1 


2" 5 


2<l5 


313 


33'^ 


362 


.,s<-, 


4S2 


530 


4 


101 


22^ 


257 


2So 


321 


354 


3S" 


41s 


450 


4S2 


514 


"43 


705 


5 


241 


2S2 


32 1 


3"2 


402 


442 


4S2 


522 


5"3 


00,1 


04 i 


S04 


S.S4 


6 


2i» 


3 IS 


3S0 


434 


4S2 


530 


579 


027 


"75 


723 


77' 


904 


1060 


7 


33'^ 


.194 


450 


soo 


5",1 


019 


"75 


731 


7SS 


S44 


900 


1,25 


123S 


S 


3S0 


410 


.514 


579 


"43 


7"7 


Es 


S.i" 


000 


9"4 


1029 


12S6 


1414 


9 


414 


5"7 


579 


"■SI 


723 


79:1 


940 


101,1 


loSq 


■157 


144" 


1592 


lO 


4S3 


.5"3 


"41 


7-:3 


.So 4 


SS4 


9"4 


T04S 


112, 


1205 


12S6 


1607 


176S 


1 1 


51" 


619 


707 


79" 


SS4 


972 


lOOI 


1149 


I25^ 


132" 


1414 


176S 


1944 


12 1 S7yl (-175) 771 


SvSI 9'i|lioOi 


"57 


i25» 


135" 


144" 


_L543. 


1020 


2122 



The Amount of Butter and Cheese Obtainable From Milk. 



100 lbs. milk contains about 
100 '* '* " " 


3 lbs. pure butler. 
7.S '* cheese. 


100 *' " averages *' 


3.5 " common butter. 


100 " " " *' 
100 " skim milk yields" 


1 1.7 *' common cheese. 
135 *' skim milk cheese. 



The tittle fequlrecl for tlie ftill amount of cre.im to rise to 
the siiilace of new ntilk at ciilfeieiit temperatures may be 
seeii from the following table: 

10 to 12 hours if tlie tempcrattire of the nir is 77" Fahr. 
iS to 20 " •* '* " "^* " 

24 " " " " 55* " 

36 " 59° " 



Measuring Hay.* 

To ji7id the 7\ umber oj tons oj ineado-iv hay raked into zvind- 
roTr.': 

Rule. — Mtiltiplj the length of the windrow in yards by 
the width in yards, and that product by the height in yards, 
and divide by 25 ; the quotient will be the number of tons in 
the windrow, 

To find the ninnher of to'is of hav in a jnozv: 

RuLR. — Multiply the length in yards by the height in 
yards, and that by the width in yard.s, and divide the prod- 
uct by 15 ; the quotient will be the number of tons. 

Ploughing. 

Showing the distance traveled by a horse in plowing an 
acre of land, and the quantity of land cultivated per day, 
computed at the rate of 16 and iS miles per day of 9 hours : 



Bdfh 


Spuee trav- 




Bdfli 


Space trav- 






of l"ur- 


eled in 


Extent ploughed 


of fur- 


eled in 


Extent 


plough- 


row 


jilouirliing 


per day. 


row 


ploughing 


ed per day. 


slice. 


an acre. 




shoe. 


an acre. 






Inch. 


Miles. 


iS inile.s 


16 miles 


Inch. 


Miles. 


iSMi. 


16 Mi. 


7 


14 1-2 


I 1-4 


1 i-S 


'4 


7 


2 1-2 


2 1-4 


S 


12 1-2 


I 1 2 


1 1-4 


■5 


6 1-2 


23-4 


2 2-5 


9 


11 


I 3 5 


1 1-2 


10 


6 l-f) 


2 9-10 


2 3-5 


10 


9 9-10 


1 4-5 


1 3-5 


]l 


5 3 4 


3 1-10 


2 3-4 


11 


y 


2 


■ 3 4 


5 1-2 


3 1-4 


2 9-10 


12 


S 1-4 


2 1-5 


1 9-TOI 19 


S 1-4 


1 1-2 


3 "-10 


13 


7 1-2 


2 1-:; 2 l-.Ol 


1 20 


4 9-10 


3 i-S 


3 1-4 



Wages Table. 

Calculated nn a scale of ten hours l.ibor jier day. The time in hours 
and davs is noted in the left hand column, and the amount of wages 
under the respective headings, as noted below. 



\V<;S 


Si-S" 


$2. 00 


$2.5" 


$3 -on 


if3.Sn 


S4-00 


St. 3" 


$5.00 


S3 -59 


$6.00 


»• 'A 


.oi^i 


.oi?< 


.02 


.oi'A 


■03 


.03'4 


.02'^ 


.C454 


.04".< 


.05 


s 1 


.o;i<; 


■OVA 


.041.^ 


■"5 


.ty) 


■ am 


■07^4 


.oS>^ 


• 09!* 


. 10 


^ 2 


•"5 


■»'% 


.oSM 


. 10 


"'A 


.13 V, 


-'5 


• i"7i 


• is>i 


.20 


" 1 


•07;^ 


.10 


.1214 


.15 


•■7'". 


.2 J 


.22J4 


-25 


.27>4 


■ 39 


4 


.10 


.1114 


■X'H 


.20 


•2i'/, 


.2-.:^<i 


.30 


..13 H 


.3";', 


.40 


5 


.121/ 


.1"?', 


.21 


.25 


■ ■'0% 


•13h 


37H 


•4'?i 


.49 


■.59 


" 


■'5 


.20 


•25 


• 3" 


•35 


.40 


• i5 


■5" 


..'..S 


.60 




.'T4 


.211^ 


.29!^ 


■35 


.41 


.4"T'i 


.52'/= 


•S^J'S 


.64W 


■x° 


S 


.20 


.20^ 


• 31'/, 


.40 


.ySfi 


51;^ 


.( 


.t«y, 


■73y, 


.So 


9 


.22W 


-.30 


■M'A 


.45 


52 S4 


."0 


■ bl^ 


■75 


Mzy, 


.90 


Dvs. 






















1 


.25 


.33K 




■ 50 


■ .58.^ 


.6^^ 


■75 


■83 K 


■9ir, 


1. 00 


2 


-50 


.0"^, 


1.00 


i.ioJi 


1^.33 '4 


i.So 


1.662^ 


1-S.W 


2.00 


3 


■75 


1.00 


1.25 


1.50 


1-75 


2.00 


2.25 


2.50 


2-75 


3.90 


4 


1.00 


1-33^ 


l.""7^ 


2.00 


2.31H 


2.6<-)5^ 


i.oo 


3-.13y, 


3."'>*; 


4.00 


1 


■•25 


1.66^ 


2.oS^ 


2.50 


2.9173 


3-33« 


3-75 


4.l"#i 


4-5^.^3 


5.00 


6 


1.50 


2.00 


2.50 


3.09 


3.50 


4.00 


4-5" 


5.00 


5 ■.50 


u.oo 



w=rs 


$7.00 


$7.3° 


$5.00 


$10.00 
■oSH 


$11 .CO 


$12.00 


$13.00 


$l4^oo 


$15.00 


-»• u 


.06 


.06K 


.ort?^ 


.09 


.10 


.11 


.12 


.12J^ 


3 I 


.u'-; 


■ 121,4 


.13'^ 


■'b% 


■ iSH 


.20 


,23 


.235* 


•25 


:i 2 


.21'/, 


■23 


.2...y, 


■,33« 


■3bVs 


.40 


■4lM 


•4",'/3 


•59 


" 3 


•35 


• 17"/' 


.40 


■50 


•55 


.60 


.65 


.70 


•75 


4 


.4"?< 


.50 


.53'/, 


■ory^ 


, ■yvA 


..So 


.Sb% 


• 93 '-5 


1.00 




• 5S'/, 


.021/, 


.""*i 


■SM 


■9'?i 


1.00 


1 .oSh 


1 . i";3 


■ 25 


6 


.70 


■75 


.So 


1. 00 


1.10 


I -20 


1.30 


1.40 


1.50 


7 


.S.M 


.S7'^ 


"3J3 


i '6% 


I.2SM 


1.40 


'■5^„ 


i."lK 


1-75 


s 


•93>j 


1.00 


• -o'^ 


1.33V'i 


1.467S 


I.fX) 


1.73;^ 


l.S";3 


2.CO 


«) 


1.05 


1 . 12I21I.20 


1.50 


1 "5 


1 So 


1.95 


2. 10 


2.25 


Dys. 




















1 


1 ii-r-', 


1-25 


i.nK 


J a-y. 


1.S3H 


2.00 


2.17 


2.13>^ 


2.30 


2 


2..33>i 


2.50 


2. toy, 


3.33>3 


3.6'>7i 


4.0Q 


4-34 


4."'7i 


5,00 


3 


3. 50 


3-75 


4.00 


5.00 


3.30 


6.00 


6.51 


o.wH 


7-50 


4 


4.w.-:i 


$■<:•} 


5 31'/, 


6.09=^ 


7 •.33,'^ 


s.oo 


8.6S 


9-33 


10.50 


5 


5.Sl^ 


"■25 


6 fiof, 


s.3.3^ 


9.i"53 


10,00 


10. S3 


1 1 .w5>5 


12.50 


" 


: 00 


7.50 


S.oo 


10.00 


1 1 00 


12.no 


13^00 


1 4.00 


i5.ro 



If Die desired number of davs or amount of washes is not in the table, 
double or treble atiy suitable number of dav^ or amoui.t of monev as 
the case may be, until you obtain the desired number of d.iys and '.litf 
waives to correspond. 

* ThLie is no accurate mode of uie^isunnif h ly ImU bv ^vciKhin£r 't, 
hjrice all the rules are only approximately correct, though the lollowing 
will be found sufficient far uU ordinary farnning. 



l±. 



DIGESTIBILITY OF FOODS, WEATHER TABLE, ETC. 



41 



Digestibility of Foods. 

Giving the time required for the di- 
gestion 111 the siom^ch of various ali- 
mentary substances, derived from 
actual experiments. 





















Aponeurosis igristle) - 


Koiled . 


3.00 


Apples, ^our, mellow.. 


Raw 


2.00 


Apples, sour, hard 


Raw .... 


2. so 


Apples, sweet, mt-Ilow 


Raw 


i.^o 


Bass, striped 


Broiled .. 


3 00 




boiled . 


2 30 
1 45 


Beans and green corn. 


Boiled .. 


Beef -. - 


Fried .... 




Beefsteak - - 


Broiled .. 
Roasted 


300 
1--,o 


Heef. fresh, lean, dry 


Beef, fresh, lean, rare 


Roasted .. 


3. CO 


Beef, wiili mustard, etc 


Koiltd ... 


3.10 


Beef, with salt only. 


Boiled .. 


r^o 


Beets 


Boiled ... 


3-45 


Brains, animal 


Boiled ... 


1.4s 


Bread. corn 


Baked.... 


315 


Bread, wheat, fresh .. 


naked.... 


3.50 




Raw 


2.30 
2. CO 


Cabbage, with vinegar 


Raw .... 




Boiled .. 




Carrot, orange 


Boiled .. 


1 13 


Cartilage 


Boiled ... 


4 '5 


Catfish 


Fried ... 


3.10 


Cheese, old, strong 


Raw .... 


i 30 


Chicken, full grown . 


Fricasse'd 


2 45 


Codfish, cured dry 


Boiled .. 


2. CO 




Baked 


2.45 




Rested.. 
Ro sled . 


Duck, wild 


4 30 


Eggs, fresh 


Raw ... 


2 CO 




Whipped 
Roasied 


1.30 
2 15 










Hard " 


1 30 

3- 30 
4 00 




F.ied 


Fowls, domestic 


Ro-HSted. 


Fowls, domestic 


Boiled ... 


4 00 


Gelatine 


Boiled .. 


2.30 


Goose, wild 


Roa.ted . 


2 30 


H;4shed meat &/cs'brs 


Warmed 


2.30 




Fried ... 
Broiled .. 




Lamb, iresh 


2.30 


Liver, beeves', fresh 


Broiled . 


2.00 


Marrow, spinal, animal 


Boiled .. 


2.40 


Mik 


Boiled 


2.00 


Milk 


Raw.. . 


2.15 


Mutton, fre>h 


Broiled . 


3 00 


Mutton, fresh 


Boiled .. 


3.00 


Mutton, fresh 


Roasied .. 


3-'5 


Oysters, fresh 


Raw 


^■fS 


Oysters, fiesh 


Roasted.. 


3-iS 


Oysters, fresh __. 


Stewed . 


1.30 


Parsnips 


Boiled.... 


2.30 


Pig. sucking 


Roasted 


2.30 


Pig.' feet, soused 


Boiled . 


1. 00 


Pork steak 


Broiled 


3-15 


l*"rk, fat and lean . 


Roasted. 


5"S 


Pork, recently salted 


Stewed . 


3.00 


Pork, recei.tly salted 


BtoiUd , 


3 'S 


Pork, recen'ly salted 


Fried 


4.15 


Pork, recently salted 


Boiled .. 


4.30 


Potatoes. Irish 


Rojste.:.. 


2.30 


Potatoes, Irish 


Baked .. 


2.30 


Potatoes, Irish 


Boiled ... 


3.30 


Salmon, salted 


Boiled .. 


4 00 


Sausage, fresh 


Broiled... 


3.20 


.Soup, barley 


Boiled ... 


1.30 


Soup, bean 


Boiled . 


3 00 


Soup, chicken 


Boiled ... 


3.00 


Soup, mutton 


Boiled ... 


3- 30 


Soup, oysier 


Boiled . 


3.00 


Soup.beef.veg'bl's.br'd 


Boiled ... 


4.00 


Soup, m.irrow bones.. 


Boiled .. 


415 


Tripe, soused 


Boiled ... 


1.00 


Trout, salmon, fresh 


Boiled ... 


I 30 


Trout, salmon, fresh.. 


Fried .... 


1.30 


Turkey, wild 


Roasted. 


2.18 


Turkey, domesticated 


Roasted. - 


2.30 


Turkey, domesticated 


Boiled.. 


2.2S 


Turnips 


Boiled . . 


3.30 


Veal, fresh 


Boiled .. 


4.00 
4.30 


Veal, fresh 


Fried 


Venison steak 


Broiled .. 


■■35 



Table for Foretelling the Weather through the Lunations 
of the IVIoon. 

(Dk. Hkrshell and Adam Clarke.) 



If the New Moon, the Fi 
Quarter, the Full Moon 
the Last Qiiaili-r. enters 


St 

or 


In Summer. 


In Winter. 


Beiween midnight and 2 

A. M 

Bet. 2 and 4 A. M, 

" 4 and 6 A. M 

" 6and 6 A. M 

*• Sand 10 A. M 

" loandizA M 

At 12 M. and 2 P. M 

Bet 2 and 4 P. M. 


1. 
1 

I 


{ 
Cold, fr't showers. 
Rain. 

Wind -and Rain. 
Changeable. ■] 

Frequent showers. 

Very rainy. 

Ch.ingeable. 

Fair. 

Fair if wind N. ( 
W., rainy if S.-^ 
or S. E. j 

Do. 

Fair. 


Hard frost. unless wind 

IS S. or E. 
Snowy and stoimy. 
Rain. 
Stormy. 
Cold rain if wind is \V,. 

snow if E. 
Cold ;<nd high wind. 
Snuw and rain. 


*■ 4 and 6 f. M 

" 6and8 P. M ._ 

" 8 and 10 P. M. 




Fair. 

Fair and frosty if wind 
io N. or \V., ram or 
snow if S. or b. E. 

Do 


" 10 and midnight 


-- 


Fair and frosty. 



Observations — i. The nearer the time of the moon's change, first 
quarter, fu 1, and last qiiar er, is to tnidni);ht, the fairer the weather dur- 
ing 7 lollowing days Range fur this-is from 10 at night till 2 next morn- 
ing. 2 1 he nearer to mid-day the phases of the moon happen, the more 
foul or wet weather during the 7 days following. 3. The moon's change 
entering from 4 to 10 of the afternoon, may expect fair weather. 

Force of the Wind, 



Miles 


Feet 


Feet 


Force in 




per 


per 


per 


pounds per 


Description. 


Hour. 


Minute. 


Second 


square foot. 




t 


83 


1.47 


.005 


Hardly perceptible. 


2 


176 




.020 (^ 




3 


264 


4 4 


.044 1 


Just perceptible. 


4 


35» 


5.87 


.079 (. 


Gentle Breere. 


5 


440 


7-33 






10 


880 


14-67 


0.492 1. 




15 






1.107 1 




20 


1.760 


29.3 


1.970 I 




=5 


2 200 


.36.6 


3.067 1 




30 


2.640 


44.0 


4-429 (. 


High wind. 


35 


3 080 


5I-3 


9.027 1 




40 


3.5'° 


53.6 


7.870 1 
9.900 ( 


Very high wind. 


45 


3.960 






50 


4.400 


73-3 


12.304 


Storm. 


ro 
70 


S.280 
6.160 


88.0 
102.7 


■7.733 1 
=4-153 1 


Great storm. 


8a 
100 


7.040 
8.800 


117 3 
146.6 


31 490 t 
49.200 1 


Hurricane. 



Loss of Light by Use of Shades. 



Glass, etc. 



American Enamelled 

K rown 

Crystal Plate. 

English .- - 

Porcelain Transpr'cy 



Th'k- 












Ins. 


PrCt. 




1-16 


51-23 


\ 


1-8 


13.08 




1-8 


a.6t 




1-3 


6.S 




1-3 


97.68 





Glass, etc. 



Window, d'ble, Eng . 
" Ger. 

single, Ger 

*' ground 
green 



Th'k- 


ness. 


Ins. 


1-8 


1-8 


1-16 


1-16 


1-16 



Loss. 



PrCt. 

9-39 
13 

4 27 
65-75 
Si. 95 



Effects of Heat on Various Bodies. 



Fine Gold melts 2590° 

" Sliver ** 1250 

Copper melts 2548 

Wrought Iron melts 3980 

Cast " *• 3479 

Bright red " in the dark 752 

Red hot *' intwilight 884 

Glass melts 2377 

Common fire 790 

Bra«s melts igoo 

Air furnace 33 'o 

Antimony melts 951 

Bismuth melts- 476 

Cadium ,._ 600 

Steel -. 2500 

Lead 504 

Tin 424 

Heat, cherry red .- 1500 



Heat, bright red 

red viMble by day 

" white 

Mercury boils 

'* volatilizes _, 

Platinum melts . 

Zinc melts 

Highest natur.il temperature 
(Egypt)... 

Greatest n.Ttural cold (below 

zero) 

" artificial '* •' 

Heat of human blood. 

Snow and Salt, equal parts.. 

Ice melts 

Water in vacuo\i6\\s 

Furnace under steam boiler. 



i8eo« 

1077 

2qoo 

622 

t8o 

3080 

740 

117 

56 
ic6 



32 

98 

1 100 



Weights of Various Breeds 
of Poultry. 

Lbs. oz. 

Black Polish cock, j years old 5 3 

Black Polish hen, 3 years old 3 4 

Golden Polish cock 5 o 

Golden Polish hen 3 8 

Silver Hamburg hen 3 1 

Silver Polish hen 3 4 

Game cock 4 jo 

Game hen 3 o 

Pheasant Malay cock, 2 years 

old 7 o 

Pheasant Malay hen 5 i 

Pheasant Malay pullet, 17 

mos. old 5 3 

Dorkingr cocks 7 o 

Dorking hen 6 8 

Cochin-China cock, 16 mos. 

old, moulting) . 6 s 

Cochin-China hen 4 6 

Malay cock, 16 months old .. 6 14 

Malay hen. 16 months old ,.4 8 
Ulack Spanish cock, 4 mos. 

old 2 II 

HIack Spanish pullet 2 11 

Turkey (cock). 16 mos. old .. 16 o 

Turkey (hen), 3 to 4 years 8 6 
White China gander, 6 years 

old 12 13 

White China goose 11 13 

Life Period and Fecundity 
of Birds. 

Teara. 

Blackbird . 10 to 12 

(ilackcap 15 

Canary (if it does not couple) 24 

Chaffinch 201024 

Crane 24 

Crow 100 

Eagle 100 

Fowl, common 10 

Goldfinch 10 to 15 

Goose 50 

Heron 60 

Lark- 16 to 18 

Linnet 14 to 23 

Nightingale 16 to 18 

Porrot 10 

Peacock 24 

Pelican 40 to 50 

Pheasant 15 

Partridge 15 

Pigeon 20 

Raven 100 

Robin 10 to 12 

Skylark 10 to 30 

Sparrow Hawk 40 

Starling 10 to 12 

Swan 100 

Thrush 8 to 10 

Titlark 5 to 6 

Wheatear 2 

Wren 2 to 3 

Eggs Qla sutiug. 

Eagle 2 to 3 

Falcon 2 to 4 

Fowl, domestic _ 6 to 20 

Hawk 2 to 4 

Owl 2 to 6 

Partridge 14 to 20 

Pheasant loto 20 

Sparrow. 4 to 6 

Sparrow Hawk 2 to 5 

Stork 2 to 3 

Swallow 5 to 6 

Wren 10 to 16 



Relative Nutritive Qualities 
of Food. 

Liebig's Tahles. 

Wirmth KIe'!h 

produciug; ijr»duc)Dg. 

BarUy 57 10 

Beef 17 10 

Buckwheat 130 10 

Milk, cows' 30 10 

Milk, human 40 10 

Muttnn.fat. 27 10 

Oat Meal 50 10 



A'^ 



— 'a 

'v 



^ 


O k 


.^. «> 


iL, 


( 


42 DICTIONARY OF AGRICULTURAL TERMS. 




DICTIONARY OF AGRICULTl 


JRAL AND KINDRED TERMS. 




—-■'■■ '^ '^^^Vi^; 






Abdomen, lower part or lower belly of an animal. 


Calycine, relating to, or like, a calyx. 






Abrasion, wearing or rubbing. 


Calyx, the outer covering of a flower. 






AcARi, ticks; small articulated insects. 


Cambium, a glutinous secretion which, in spring, separates the albur- 






Acetate, a neutral salt. 


num of a plant from its inner bark. 






AciiKOMATic, destitute of color. 


Capsule, the seed vessel of a plant. 






Acrid, sharp; pungent; bitter. 


Carbon, pure charcoal. 






AcuLEATED, having prickly points. 


Carbonaceous, pertaining to charcoal. 






Acute-lobed, having pointed divisions. 


Cartilage, gristle. 






Aerate, to combine with carbonic acid or fixed air. 


Caseous, resembling cheese. 






Aftermath, a second crop of grass m the same season. 


Caulescent, having a perfect stem; rooted, like the cabbage. 






Albumen, a substance lound in some seeds and vegetables, resembling 


Caustic, any substance which, applied to living animals, acts like fire. 






in character the white of an egg. 


Cellular, consisting of or containing cells. 






Alburnum, the softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the 


Cellulose, the substance left after the action of solvents upon vege- 






wood ; sap. 


table tissues. 






Alkaline, having the properties of alkali. 


Chap, the upper and lower part of the jaw. 






Alluvion, alluvi.al land. 


CiiEKMES, an insect. 






Alterative, a medicine which changes the habit, and restores healthy 


Chine, the backbone orspine of an animal. 






functions. 


Chronic, continuing a longtime. 






Alluminous, pertaining to alum or allumina. 


Chrysalis, the second apparent change of the maggot of an insect, be- 






Ammonia, a voiatile alkali, existing in its purest form in a state of ^^as. 


fore its appearance as a butterfly. 






Amphibious, capable of living in air and water. 


Churr-worm, an insect that turns about nimbly- 






Animalcula, an animal, the figure of which is discernible only 


Chyle, a whitish fluid separated from food by means of digestion. 






through a magnifying glass. 


Cleat, a piece of wood used to fasten ropes upon. 






Annual, a plant that lives only during one year. 


Coagulate, to curdle; to thicken; to change from a fluid to a solid 






Annular, having the form of a ring. 


mass. 






Antenn.e, the horns or feelers of insects, projecting from the head. 


Cocoon, an oblong ball, or covering of silk, fabricated by the silk-worni ; 






Anterior, before; in time or place; prior. 


the egg-shaped case of the chrysalis. 






Anther, the case or part of the flowur containing pollen, or the male 


Collateral, being by the side; side by side; on the side; side to side. 






part of a flower. 


Colter, the fore iron of a plow, with a sharp edge, that cuts the earth 






Antiseptic, opposing or counteracting putrefaction. 


or sod. 






Aperient, opening; laxative. 


Concave, hollow; arched, like the inner surface of a spherical body. 






Apex, the tip, point, or summit of anything. 


Conical, round, and decreasing to a point. 






Aphis, a genus of insects; vine-frctter; plant-louse. 


Convex, rising or swelling on the interior surface into a spherical or 






Apterous, a wingless insect. 


round form. 






Arable, fit for plowing or tillage. 


Coriaceous, leathery; resembling leather. 






A ROMA, the odoriferous principle ; a pleasant smell. 


Corolla, the innermost of the envelopes by which the organs of fructi- 






Aromatic, fragrant; spicy; odoriferous. 


fication of many flowers are covered ; the second of two envelopes 






Arsenious, containing arsenic. 


that surround the stamen and pistil. 






Artery, a vessel or tube conveying blood from the heart to all parts of 


Culinary, relating to the kitchen. 






the body. 


Culm, the stalks or stems of corn or grasses. 






AscEscKNT, having a tendency to sourness; acidity. 


Curd, the thickened part of milk, which is formed into cheese. 






Astringent, binding; strengthening; pposed to laxative. 


Curvilinear, having a curved line. 






Atlas, the first joint of the neck. 


Cutaneous, belonging to the skin. 






Aviary, an enclosure for keeping birds confined. 


Cuticle, the thin, exterior coat of the skin. 






AwN, the beard or bristles of grain and grasses. 


Decoction, the strength of leaves, seeds, or other matter, drawn out by 






Awned, having a beard. 


boiling. 






AwNLESS, destitute of a beard. 


Defecate; to free from impurities; to purify. 






Axil, the space or angle formed by a branch or a leaf with the stem. 


Dentata, pertaining to the teeth. 






AzoTiZED, from azote, a gas fatal to animal life. 


Dentated, having points like teeth. 






Basal, pertaining to or constituting the base. 


Dew-lap, the flesh that hangs from the throat of oxen, which laps or 






Base, the principal matter of a mixture or composition. 


licks the dew in grazing. 






Bast, rope, or cord, made of the bark of the- lime-tree or linden. 


Diadelphoi"s, having the stamens united in two parcels. 






Batten, to fatten; a piece of board or scantling, a few inches wide. 


Diagonal, being in an angular direction. 






Bay, an unclosed place in a barn, for depositing hay. 


Diameter, a right line passing through the center of an object, from 






Bere, the name of a species of Scotch barley. 


one side to the other. 






Biennial, once ia two years; continuing two years. 


Dichotomous, regularly divided by pairs. 






Bifurcation, a forking, or division into two branches. 


Disk, the whole surface of a leaf; the fleshy substance between the 






Big, a species of barley. 


stamens and pistils. 






Blanched, whitened. 


Diuretic, tending to produce discharges of urine. 






Bout, a turn; a single part of an action carried on at successive inter- 


Drench, a draught; a portion of medicine to purge a beast. 






vals. 


Drupe, a general name for a one-celled, one or two seeded fruit, which 






Brindle, spottedness. 


does not ojien when ripe, as the peach, cherry, plum, etc. 






Butvraceous, resembling butter. 


Edible, tit lobe eaten as food. 




4 


Calcakeou*", partaking of the nature of lime. 


Electricity, a very thin fluid diffused through most bodies, rapid in 


t 


& 


Calcined, reduced to a powder by the action of heat. 


its motion, and powerful. 


k^ 


-7 


to ^ 


■• S 


V* 



DICTIONARY OF AGRICULTURAL TERMS. 



43 



Elliptical, oval. 

Elongation, the state of being extended. 

Elytra, the sheaths of an insect; a case covering the wings. 

Emarginate, having a notch at the point. 

Emasculation, castration. 

Embracing, enclosing; clasping: holding in embrace. 

Embrocation, the liquid with which an affected part is washed. 

Embryo, anything in its first rudiments, or unfinished stale. 

Epidermis, a thin membrane, covering the skin ot animals or the bark 

of trees. 
EriosioN, eaten away ; corrosion ; canker. 
Esculent, any plants fit for food, though sometimes used as a general 

name for edible roots. 
Esophagus, the gullet; the canal through which food anJ drink pass to 

the stomach. 
Espalier, a row of trees planted about a garden or in hedges. 
Expression, the act of pressing or squeezing out. 
Extra vasated, forced or let out of its proper vessels. 
Exude, a discharge of meisture, juice or liquid, by bodies and plants. 
Fallowing, plowing and harrowing land without sowing it. 
Farina, fine dust or powder contained m the anthers of plants:. 
Farinaceous, mealy; pertaining to meal. 
Faucet, the spigot of a barrel. 
Febrile, pertaining to ievcr. 

Fecal, containing or consisting of dregs, sediment or excrement. 
Fecula, the green matter of plants; starch or farina. 
Fecundation, the act of making fruitful or prolific; impregnation. 
Fermentation, internal motion of the particles of animal and vegetable 

substances, occasioned by heat or moisture, and causing an extri- 
cation of gas and heat. 
Ferruginous, partaking of iron. 
Fetlock, a tuft of hair growing behind the pastern joint of many 

horses- 
Fetus, the young, in the womb or egg, when perfectly formed. 
Fibrous, composed or consisting of fibers. 
Figment, a thmg feigned or imagined. 
Filament, a fiber ; a fine thread, of which flesh, nerves, skin, plants, 

roots, etc., are composed. 
Filiform, having the form of a thread or filament. 
Filtrate, to purify ; to strain. 
Fining, the purification of substances by the addition of ingredients. 

which separate and deposit the objectionable matter. 
Flaccid, soft and weak; limber. 

Flank, the fleshy part of an animal's side between the ribs and hip. 
Fleshy, plump; pulpy. 
Flitch, hog's side salted and cured. 
Flocculent, adhering in locks or flakes. 
Floret, a little flower. 
Foment, to bathe with warm liquors. 
Fructification, rendering productive of fruit. 
Fulcrum, a prop or support. 
Fungus, mushroom; a spongy excrescence. 
Fusiform, shaped like a spindle. 
Gastric, belonging to the belly or stomach. 
Germen, the ovary or seed-bud of a plant. 

Gestation, carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery. 
Girt, a bandage or strap. 

Glaucous, a dull green; having a bluish tinge. 
Globular, round; spherical. 

Globule, a small particle of matter of a spherical form. 
Glume, the outer covering of corn and grasses; the husk or chaff. 
Gluten, a tough, elastic, gray substance found in the flour of grain. 
Gramineous, pertaining to grass. 
Granulation, the act of forming into grains. 
Gypsum, plaster-stone. 
Hackle, raw silk; any flimsy substance unspun; a machine to dress 

flax or hemp. 
Haulm, straw; the stem or stalk of grain, etc. 
Headland, a ridge or strip of unplowed land at the ends of furrows, 

or near a fence. 
Heathery, a place overgrown with shrubbery of any kind. 



Hemispherical, containing Haifa sphere cr globe. 

Herbaceous, having green and cellular stalks; being annual as to 

stem, but perennial as to root. 
Hexagonal, having six sides and six angles. 
Hispid, rough ; having stiff hairs or bristles. 
Hoar-frost, white particles of ice formed by the congelation of dew 

or watery vapors. 
Hoary, having a grayish hue. 
Hock, joint of an animal between the knee and the fetlock ; a part of the 

thigh. 
Holm, low, flat, rich land on the banks of a river. 
Hopper, a wooden trough through which grain passes into a mill; a 

vessel in which seed-corn is carried for sowing. 
Horizontal, parallel to the horizon; on a level. 
Hybrid, mongrel ; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two 

species. 
Hydatid, a bladder-like animal filled with aqueous fluid, which infestt 

the human internal organs, particularly the liver; an insect found in 

the skulls of sheep. 
Hydraulic, relating to the conveyance of water through pipes. 
Hydrogen, a gas constituting one of the elements of water. 
Imbricated, indented with concavities; overlapping. 
Impervious, not penetrable by light, nor permeable to fluids. 
Incised, cut; notched. 
Incisive, hiving the quality of cutting or separating; incisive teeth, id 

animals, are the fore teeth. 
Indigenous, native to the country or place. 
Injection, throwing in; liquid medicine thrown into the body br 

means of a syringe or pipe. 
Innoxious, free from mischievous qualities. 

Integument, that which naturally invests or covers another thing. 
Internode, the space between two joints of a plant. 
Interstice, the space between things. 
Iridescent, having colors like the rainbow. 

Irrigation, a mode of watering land by the aid of drains or canals. 
Jugular, pertaining to the throat or the neck. 
Keel, the two lowest petals of some flowers. 
Labial, pertaining to the lips. 
Lachrymal, generating or secreting tears. 
Lanceolate, shaped like a lance. 
Larva, an insect in the caterpillar state. 

Larynx, tlae upper part of the windpipe ; a cartilaginous cavity. 
Latent, concealed. 
Lateral, proceeding from the side. 
Lea, a meadow or plain. 
Legune, fruit similar to the pod of a pea. 
Lever, a bar of any substance turning on a support called the fulcrum 

or prop. 
Ligament, anything that ties or unites one thing or part ',o another; a 

strong substance, serving to bind one bone with another. 
Ligneous, consisting of wood. 
Line, the twelfth part of an inch. 

Linear, consisting of lines; slender; in a straight direction. 
Lithe, that may be easily bent; pliable; nimble. 
Lobby, a small hall or v/aiting-room. 
Lobe, a division of a leaf. 
Longitudinal, running Lengthwise. 
Lotion, a liquid preparation for washmg the body, 
LuPUHN, the fine yellow powder of hops. 
Macerate, to steep in water until nearly dissolved. 
Malodorous, having an offensive odor. 
Manipulate, to work with the hands; to handle. 
Marl, a species of limy earth. 

Matrice, the womb: the place where anything is formed or produced. 
Mattock, a tool to grub up weeds. 
Maw, the stomach of beasts; the crop of fowls. 
Membrane, a thin, white, flexible skin. 

Metacarpal, part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers. 
Metamorphose, to change into a different form ; to transform. 
Miasmata, pertaining to putrefactive effluvia. 
Midge, a small insect ; a gnat or flea. 



-^fT 



^.2 



'-^ 



44 



DICTIONARY OF AGRICULTURAL TERMS. 



Midrib, the middle rib or vein of a leaf. 

Milch, giving^ milk. 

Molting, sheddincj a natural covering, as hair, feathers, skin or horns. 

Mongrel, of a mixed breed. 

Mucilage, one of the elements of vegetables ; the liquor which moistens 

animal bodies. 
Mucus, slimy; g-Iutinous. 
Mulch, half rotten straw. 

Mullion, a division in a window-frame; a bar. 
Must, unfcrmented wine, newly pressed from the grape. 
Nasal, pertaining to the nose. 
Navicllar, shaped like a boat. 

Nitrogen, an element of air called ozote, fatal to animal life. 
Nocturnal, pertaining to the night. 

Normal. perpendicular; relating to rudiments or first principles. 
Noxious, hurtful ; harmful. 
Obliq_ue, not direct; slanting. 
Oblong, longer than broad. 
Obovate, having the narrow end downward. 
Obtuse, blunt; not pointed or acute. 
Occipital, pertainmg to the back part of the head. 
Offset, a shoot ; a sprout from the roots of a plant. 
Organic bodies, bodies with org:ins, on the action of which depend 

their ^owtb a::d perfection. 
Osier, willow twig. 
Ova, eggs. 

Oval, of the shape or figure of an egg. 

Ovary, the part where eggs are formed, or in which the fetus is sup- 
posed to be formed. 
Ovate, egg-shaped. 

Oviparous, bringing forth, or producing young by '"rggs. 
Ovule, a body destined to become a seed. 
OWM, egg-shaped. 

Oxygen, that part of air which may be bre;ithed. 
Pad, a road; an easy-paced horse; a soft saddle; to beat a way smooth 

and level. 
Paddock, a small enclosure for animals, 

Palmated, having the shape- ot a hand ; webbed. 
Palpi, feelers. 

Panary, pertaining to bread 

Panicle, a species of dowering; unfolding of blossoms. 
Parallelogram, a figure whose opposite sides are equally distant 
throughout. 

Parasitic, growincf on the stem or branch of another plant. 

Parietal, bone? lonning the sides and upfx^r part of tlie skull. 

Parterre, level ground laid out and furnished with evt-rgreens and 
flowers. 

Pastern, that part of a horse's leg between the joint next to the foot 
and the coronet of the hoof. 

Pecant, morbid; bad; not healthy. 

Pedicle, the final divisicn of a common stem or stalk. 

Peduncle, the flower-stalk of a plant. 

Pellet a little ball. 

Pellicle, a thin skin or film. 

Pelt, a beast's skin, with hnir on it; a r^w hide, 

Peltato -palmate, having the sliape of a hand, : nd of a rough, hairy 
texture. 

Pelvis, the cavity of the body forming the lower part of the abdomen. 

Pendulous, hanging from a stem or branch. 

Perch, a pole; a roost for fowls. 

Percolation, the act of filtering or straining. 

Perennial, lasting through the year; a plant which lives more than 
two years. 

Perforate, to bort through; to make a hole or holes through anything. 

Permeable, that may be passed through without displacement of its 
parts. 

Perspective, view in the distance. 

Perviouj, that maybe penetrated by another body or substance. 

Petal, a flower-leaf. 

Petiole, a leaf-stalk; the foot-stalk of a leaf. 

Phenogamous, having stamens and pistils distinctly visible. 



Phosphate, a salt fonned by a combination of phosphoric acid with a 
base oi earth, alkali or metal. 

Pile, the hairy surtace of an animal's skin. 

Pinnate, divided into :i number of py irs of leaflets. 

Pistil, an organ ol female flowers adhering to the fruit for the reception 
of the pollen. 

Plait, a fold; a tr^^s ; braid. 

Pledget, a small, flat roll ot lint or linen. 

Pollard, a tree lopped. 

Pollen, the fine fecundating dust or flour contained in flowers. 

PoLYGAMOUa, having male and hermaphrodite, or female and hermaph- 
rodite, or male, female and hermaphrodite flowers, on the same or 
diflerent plants. 

Pomace, the substance of ground apples, either before or after the cider 
is expressed. 

Porous, filled with pores, which are passages in the skin or substance 
of a body. 

Posterior, coming after; the hinder. 

Postern, back; any small door or gate. 

Probang, an instrument of whalebone and sponge, for clearing the 
throat or gullet. 

Proboscis, a snout; an organ formed by the prolongation of the nose, 

Prolegs, fore legs. 

PiiopoLJS, a thick, oderous substance, resembling wax. 

Pubescent, covered with down or hair. 

Pupa, an insect in that state in which it resembles an infant in swad- 
dling clolhec. 

Purgative, having the power of cleansing; evacuating the bowels. 

Purge, a medicine that evacuates the Ijowels liy stool. 

Pus, tlie white or yellowish matter generated in ulcers and wounds. 

Qliadrangular, square; having four sides, and four prominent angles. 

Quicklime, any limy substance deprived of its fixed or carbonic air. 

Racemose, having the flowers arrani^ed along an axis.as in the hya- 
cinth and currant. 

Rachis, a stem that proceeds from the base to the top of the flower. 

Rattooning, sending up many stalks trom ..n old root, several crops 
bein^ thus gathered from one planting. 

Rectangu4-ar, right-angled. 

Rectum, the third and last of the large intestines. 

Reflected, bent, or directed badiward. 

Reniform, having the shape ot kidnuvs. 

Rick, a long pile oT grain or hay, sheltereJ with a kind of roof. 

Rootlet, a small root, or the fiber of a root. 

Rugose, a leaf with veins more contrac'ed than the surf ice. 

Rump, the end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent. 

Saccharine, having the qualities of sugir. 

Saline, consisting of salt. 

Scape, the flowering stem of i plant. 

Scarify, to scratch ; to make small incisions in the skin with an instru- 
ment. 

Scion, a young shoot, twig or sprout ot a tree. 

Scrotum, the place containing the organs of generation. 

Scullery, a place where dishes, kettles, e c.are kept. 

Seedling, a young plant or root just sprung from the seed. 

Segment, a part cut off or divided. 

Semilunar. resembling in forma half moon. 

Septic, promotive of putrefaction. 

Serous, thin; watery. 

Serration, formation in the shape of a saw. 

Serum, thin, transparent part nt blnod ; the thin part of milk. 

Sessile, applied to a leaf growing on a stem without having any foot- 
stalk. 

Setiform, having the form ot a bristle. 

Seton, small threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through the skin by a 
large needle, for the discharge of humors. 

Sheath, a rudimentary leaf of a plant which wraps around the stem. 

Shock, sixteen sheaves of wheat, rye, etc. 

Slot, a broad, flat, \'-ooden bar. 

Sole, the bottom of a thing, and on which it stands upon the ground. 

Solitary', growing singly. 

Spatula, a slice; an instrument for spreading plasters, etc. 



7n 



"s ''V 



'-^ 



DICTIONARY OF AGRICULTURAL TERMS. 



45 



Spermatic, consisling' of seed, or pertLiininjj to the elements of pro- 

d.clion. 
Spike, a species of inflorescence, as in wheat, rye, etc.; an ear of corn 

or grain. 
Spikelet, a small spike ; one of a great many small spikes collected in a 

mass, as in grass. 
Spine, a large, woody thorn. 
Spiracle, a small aperture in animal and vegetable bodies through 

which air passes; any small hole or vent. 
SpoNGiOLE, a supposed expansion of minute parts at the termination of 

roots, like a sponge, for absorbing the nutriment of plants. 
Spore, Sporule the part^ of tlowerless plants which perform the 

function of seeds. 
Stallion, a male horse not castr.atcd. 
Stamen, an organ of flowers for the preparation of the pollen or fecun 

dating dust. 
Standard, a tree or shrub that stands singly without being sup- 
ported. 
Stellate, when more leaves than two surround the stem in a ring; re- 
sembling a star; radiated. 
Sternum, the breast-bone. 
Stifle, the joint of a horsenext to the buttock. 
Stigma, the top of thu organ of female flowers. 
Stipule, a scale at the base of the leaf-stalks of some plants; or one 

which protects the young leaves. 
Stomata, oval spacesbetween the sides of cells, in plants, opening into 

other cavities, and bordered by a rim. 
Stool, a sucker; a shoot from the bottom of the stem or root of a plant. 
Strata, beds; layers. 

Strike, the name given to a single running of ungranulated sugar. 
Style, the middle portion of the organ ol female flowers, connecting 

the stigma with the germ. 
Sub-lanceolate, having somewhat of a lance shape. 
Sub-sessile, having very short foot-stalks. 

Subsoil, the bed or layer of earth which lies beneath the surface-soil. 
Subulate, shaped like an awl. 
Subulate-linear, having awl-shaped lines. 
Succulent, full of juice; juicy. 

Sucker, the shoot of a plant from the roots or lower part of the stem. 
Sulphate, a neutral salt, formed by sulphuric acid in coiiibination with 

any base. 
Sulphuric, containing sulphur. 
Suture, the seam or joint which unites the bones of the skull; a 

method of closing wounds. 
Sward, the grassy surface of land ; turf. 

Swath, the whole breadth or sweep of a scythe in mowing or cradling. 
Talc, a greasy-feeling magnesian mineral, having a pearly luster, used 

instead of chalk for tracing lines on wood, cloth, etc. 
Tarsi, oelonging to the feet. 
Tassels, the flower ribbons, or heads of plants, as of corn. 



Temporal, pertaining to the temple or temples of the head. 

Tension, strained or stretched. 

Tenuous, thin ; small; minute. 

Tepid, moderately warm. 

Terminal, growing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating. 

Terrace, a raised bank of earth, witli sloping sides; a balcony. 

Testicles, male organs of generation. 

Thora.x, the breast; the chest; the part of the body between the neck 

and abdomen ; the second segment of insects. 
TiBuT", the bones which form the second segment of the leg. 
Tonic, a medicine that gives vigor and action t.) \.h2 system. 
Transpiration, passmg off through the; |;orca or iIicElvin. 
Transverse, lying or being across, or in a cross direction , to ovt rturn. 
Trexch, to cut or dig a ditch or channel ; to fortify, by cutting a ditch 

and rais'r,.:, a rampart; to furrow, by [ilo-ving. 
Trepanning, opening the skull, to relieve the brain. 
Trichotomous, having three divisions. 
Triennial, lasting for three years. 
Trifoliate, having three leaves or leaflets. 
Trocar, an instrument lor tapping in case of dropsv. 
Tubercle, a small swelling, tumor, knob, or rough point. 
Tuberous, roundish, fleshy vegetable bodies, connected n.to it bunch by 

intervening threads. 
FuNiCATED, covered with a tunic or membrane; coated, asa stem. 
Uterus, the womb. 

Vacuum, an empty space; one void of air or matter. 
Valve, a division of the fruit of a plant. 
Vell, a skin; a rennet-bag. 
Ventral, belonging to the belly. 
Verandah, an open portico, formed by extending a sloping roof i.»eyond 

the main building. 
Vertebra, a joint ot the spine or backbone of an animal. 
Vertical, in a perpendicular direction. 

Vestibule, the porch or entrance into a house; an ante-room. 
Vexillum, the upper single petal of a flower like that of a pea. 
Viscid, glutinous; sticky. 

Viviparous, producing yourvg in a living state. 
Wattle, the fleshy bunch under the throat of a cock or turkey. 
Wear, a dam in a river to stop and raise the water. 
WiiEV, the watery part of milk separated from the thick part, in making 

cheese. 
Whorled, an arrangement of three or more leaves or limbs around a 

common center. 
Windlass, a machine for raising great weights; a handle by which 

anything is turned. 
Withers, the junction of the shoulder-bones of a horse, ut the bottom 

of the neck. 
Yolk, the oily secretion from the skin of sheep, which renders the pile 

soft and plinble. 
Zig-zag, having short turns. 




46 



»(\r 



^^HiHiiiiiiiSiiiiiiii^^iiiiiiii^iii^ 
fa . . (^ 



It 



^ USEFUL INFORMATION. ^ 

m . ^ ^ 



^lliiiiiiiiiiiiiiliii^^iiiiiiiiiiiilliiiiil 




DRESSED OR NET WEIGHT OF ANIMALS. 

Cattle. — Where cattle are sold by weight, instead of 
by the head, the live weight is understood. The live 
weight is obtained at the scales or perhaps more frequently 
estimated by the eye, or by measurement according to 
approved rules. Sometimes cattle are sold at so much a 
pound, to be weighed soon after killing. In some markets 
cattle are sold by the weight of the four quarters dressed, 
in which case the price is for the dressed meat, and does 
not include the offal, consisting of the feet, head, hide, the 
loose. tallow, the blood and the entrails, which goes to the 
butcher for the expense of killing, selling and profit. But 
in nearly all large markets the selling tu-/ weisJil includes 
what is called the fifth quarter— that is, the head, hide and 
loose tallow. In comparing the cattle reports from different 
cities, it will be of service to keep these facts in mind. 

When the animal is weighed alive, an agreed allowance 
is deducted for the offal or shrinkage. The proportion 
which the "carcass" weight of the animal, when cut up 
for the shambles, bears to the full weight of the animal 
when alive, is variously estimated by eminent authorities 
at from 44 to 72 per cent. This difference of percentage 
depends upon such circumstances as the breed, structure, 
condition, constitution, and age of the animal, each of 
which are instrumental in affecting the quantity of meat in 
the quarters, as also its density and specific gravity. For 
instance, a halt-fatted beast must have one- pound in 20 
deducted from the whole weight, and 14 pounds for a cow 
that has had calves. Again, the specific gravity of the 
flesh of all perfect male animals is greater than that of the 
breeding females. The density of the flesh, also, becomes 
less as the animal approaches maturity. All these varying 
circumstances, and many other contingencies, render it 
dilBcult to arrive at any positive rule, although many are 
given for the purpose. A good general rule for ascer- 
taining the net weight, is to multiply the live weight by 
the decimal .605, if the ox is ripe fat, and if not, by .55; 
that is to say, that the offal and fluids of a lean o.x weigh 



about as much as the beef and bones. An ox should not 
be weighed immediately after it has taken its food, when 
it will be too heavy, but after it has chewed its cud, and is 
again ready to eat. 

In the absence of a weighing machine, the dead weight 
is calculated from measurement. The dead weight is sup- 
posed to lie within a cylinder, the length of which is from 
the point where the cervical and dorsal vertebrae join to 
the line of the tail, and the circumference being immedi- 
ately behind the elbow of the foreleg. 

Various rules, tables and instruments have been con- 
structed for ascertaining the weight of animals from the 
measurement, some of which involve complicated arith- 
metical calculations, whilst others differ more or less in 
their results. All general rules and tables for ascertaining 
the exact relation subsisting betwixt the bulk of an ox's 
body and the weight of the flesh and bones, no matter how 
well they may be founded upon experimental tests, are all 
liable to error, and must therefore be considered in the 
light of approximations, although they are sufficiently 
accurate for all practical purposes. In making an appli- 
cation of the rules we shall give, it will be necessary to 
exercise the judgment in many cases requiring allowances 
for the imperfections of form and the various degrees of 
conditions when applying the tape-line. The line should 
be divided into feet and tenths, and thereby facilitate the 
multiplication by decimals. In applying the tape-line, the 
measurement must be made with accuracy; one inch added 
to the girth and length will m some cases cause an error 
of 30 pounds or more, and such an error may be caused by 
the position in which the animal may be standing. The 
rule which follows is the easiest understood, and about as 
good as any other for general use; First, see that the 
animal stands square; then with a tape-line (or cord) take 
the circumference just behind the shoulder-blade, and 
note the feet and inches. This is the girth. Then measure 
from the tail, which plumbs the line with the hinder part 
of the buttock, and direct the string along the back to 



J^2 




thj forepart or point of the shoulder-blade, and this will be 
the length. Multiply the girth by the length, to find the 
superficial feet, and then multiply the superficial feet by 31 
lbs., if the girth of the animal is less than 9 ft. and more 
than 7 ft ; by 23 lbs. if the girth is less than 7 ft. and more 
than 5 ft ; if less than 5 ft. and over 3 ft. in girth, multiply 
by 16 lbs. ; and if less than 3 ft., multiply by II lbs. 

The rule applies alike to cattle, calves, sheep and hogs, 
and farmers will find it of great assistance in their trans- 
actions with dealers where animals are sold by live weight, 
instead of by the head. 

Calves. — These are almost universally sold by the 
pound to the butchers for the live or gross weight. A calf 
shrinks just about one-third in dressing ; that is, the carcass 
weighs about two-thirds of the live weight before being 
slaughtered. Small young calves in the New York markets 
are usually styled "bobs," and sometimes "kittens." 
These are generally sold by the head, without weighing. 

Sheep.— Are sold more frequently by the head, though 
very often by the pound, live weight. Sheep shrink in 
dressing about one-half. This depends somewhat on the 
length or weight of the wool, and considerably, of course, 
on the fatness. In autumn, as a general rule for sheep in 
fair condition, the net weight of the dressed carcasses is 
estimated at about 5 to 5}^ lbs., for each 10 lbs. of live 
weight. 

Ho(;s, — These are usually sold, before killing, by the 
live weight, at an agreed price per pound. Alter killing, 
the pork is sold by the weight of the carcasses, including 
the head and feet, the entrails and loose fat being removed, 
and also the heart, liver and lights (lungs). The net weight 
varies less in hogs than in other animals. A general rule 
for medium hogs is to allow one pound in five for shrinkage. 
The old Kentucky rule for fat hogs is as follows : For the 
first hundred pounds of live weight deduct one pound in 
every four for offal. For what is over 100 lbs , up to 200 
lbs., deduct one pound from every eight pounds for offal 
For what is over 200 lbs. up to 300 lbs., deduct one pound 
from every 16 lbs., for offal. All above 300 lbs. is counted 
net weight. 

1st Example — From a hog weighing 164 lbs., alive, 
deduct 25 lbs. for the first 100 lbs., and 8 lbs. {i in S) for 
the 64 lbs , or 33 lbs. in all from the 164 lbs., leaving 131 
lbs. for the dressed or net weight. 

2d E.\ample — From the live hog weighing 2S0 lbs., de- 
duct 25 lbs. for the first 100 lbs., 12)^ lbs. (i in 8) for the 
second 100 lbs , and 5 lbs. (l in 16) for the 80 lbs. ; in all 
42j^ Ids , leaving lyjYz lbs. as the net or dressed weight. 

3d E.Kample — For a live hog weighing 400 lbs., deduct 
25 lbs. for the first 100 lbs., I2J^ lbs. for the second 100 
lbs., and 6J^ lbs. for the 3d 100 lbs., and nothing for the 
fourth 100 lbs. — in all, say 44 lbs — leaving a net weight 
of 356 lbs. These figures will vary somewhat with the age, 
size of frame, and degree of fatness of the animal. 



BEEF AND PORK. 

Beef and pork are staple foods, and they are used in 
various states — fresh, salted, smoked, roasted, fried and 
boiled. When beef is intended to be eaten fresh, the ribs 
will keep the longest, and the rump the next. The round 
will not keep long, unless salted, and the brisket keeps the 
poorest of any. 

The usual mode of preserving beef and pork is by 
salting, and when intended to be kept a long time, it is 
always salted with brine ; but for family use it should be 
salted dry, with good fine salt, without saltpetre (except 
for hams and shoulders), as brine dispels the juices of the 
meat, and saltpetre only serves to make the meat dry and 
give it an unnatural color. 

TO CURE BACON. 

The hogs should be slaughtered, cut up and salted the 
same day. In trimming it is important that the two 
shoulder veins be taken out. Get the best saltpetre and 
use about i lb. to a hog of 300 lbs , and more or less, 
according to the size. Rub a little on the skin-side, and 
sprinkle it on the other ; then lay the meat in a tub or bo.x, 
of sufficient capacity to hold it all, putting in the hams, 
first covering them thoroughly with fine salt, then place 
in the shoulders, and then the sides until all are packed. 
Be careful to cover each layer with a good coat of salt as 
you put in the meat, and when all is done cover all over 
the top with fine salt. Let it lie three weeks ; then hang 
up to smoke. Always pound and dry by fire, the salt and 
saltpetre before using. 

TO CURE HAMS. 

For every 100 pounds weight of hams, take five ounces 
of brown sugar, four ounces of saltpetre, and five gills of 
fine salt; mix them thoroughly, rub it on the hams, and 
let them lie 24 hours. Then rub each 100 pounds weight 
with 5 pounds of fine salt. The rubbing should be well 
done. Pack them closely in bulk, and at the expiration of 
fifteen days hang them up to smoke. 

Another receipe, said to be that by which the celebrated 
Westphalian hams are cured, is to prepare a brine with 6 
pounds of good salt, 2 pounds of powdered loaf sugar, 3 
ounces of saltpetre, and 3 gallons of spring water. Boil 
sufficiently, and skim it while boiling. When quite cold 
pour it over the hams, every part of which must be covered 
with the brine. Hams intended for smoking will be suffi- 
ciently salted in this brine in two weeks, though if very 
large, more time may be allotted. Kams, before they are 
put in the pickle, should be soaked in water, all the blood 
pressed out, and wiped dry. Much of the excellence of 
the ham is dependent on the smoking. This should be 
done so that the hams shall be cool and perfectly drj' 
through the whole operation. If too near the fire, the heat 



/- 



will injure the flavor ; if the building be too close the hams 
will be wet, and taste as if dipped in pyroligneous acid. 
At Hamburg, where large quantities are prepared, the 
hams are smoked in the upper story of high buildings, 
while the fires, which are made of oak or maple chips, are 
made in the cellars. In passing through such a length of 
pipe the smoke becomes cool and dry. Hams intended 
for summer use must be kept where they will not mold, 
and protected by being coated with a wash, or with cloth. 

TO PROTECT HAMS AND SHOULDERS 
FROM INSECTS. 

Take them down, after having been well dried and 
smoked, and apply thickly upon the flesh side and hock 
the following preparation, and when dry pack them down 
in perfectly dry spent tan-bark or shucks, or lay them up 
in a dry place upon sticks, skin down. Take a peck of 
sifted ashes and boil them in a large quantity of water ; 
dip off the water and add a peck of wheat-bran, and suffi- 
cient water to make a loblolly when boiled and stirred. 
This does not affect the flavor of the hams. 

Or, take slaked lime sufficient for the number of hams ; 
mi.K the lime with water, and boil to the same consistency 
as for whitewashing. Apply with a brush, when cold, to 
the flesh side of the ham, and on all the parts unprotected 
by the skin. When dry hang up the hams, or pack them 
away as before suggested. 

It will be useless to apply either of these preparations 
if delayed until the fly has deposited its eggs. 

SAUSAGE. 

The- following proportions will be found to make 
excellent sausage meat, and will save the trouble of expiri- 
menting by cooking and tasting : 

To 50 pounds of meat well chopped, add i pound of 
salt, ^i pound of black pepper, \i pound of sage (pulver- 
ized and sifted), and i teaspoonful of Cayenne pepper 
(pulverized). 

DIRECTIONS FOR PUTTING UP PRIME 
MESS PORK. 

The following standard rule, known as "Getty's Direc- 
tions," are those given for putting up prime mess pork, 
to meet the requirements of the English market. They 
are also adopted and made imperative in contracts given 
out for army supplies by the United States Government. 

Quality and Weight of Pigs —The pigs to weigh 
from 100 to 160 pounds each, and to be in good condition, 
strictly corn-fed, or hard pork. For the United States army 
the weight may be extended to 170 pounds. 

Parts Excluded. — The head is to be excluded, also 
the foreleg up to the breast or brisket, the hind leg, in- 
cluding the hock or gambrel joint, and the rumps, if the 
hams are not cut up with the sides. 



What Co.nstitutes a Barrel ok Prime Mess. — A 
barrel of prime mess consists of fifty pieces of four pounds 
each. If the hams are cut up and put in, there shall be 
not less than 23 side pieces ; if without hams, not less than 
30 side pieces. 

How TO Cut and Cure. — After the pig has been split 
through the back, cut each side longitudinally into two 
strips ; pack the strips into large casks or vats, and fill up 
with brine, having saltpetre added at the rate of one ounce 
to three gallons of brine. Leave the strips in the brine 
for eight or ten days to extract the blood, and for the lean 
meat to take a pink color. When ready to be packed into 
barrels, have each strip carefully cleaned, using a knife 
and brush if necessary ; cut them into four-pound pieces 
as nearly as may be. Mess (select the pieces) as indicated, 
and pack neatly and compactly in layers, with sufficient 
salt to preserve it. 

Barrels. — The barrel should be twenty-eight inches 
long, and seventeen and a half inches over the end (when 
finished) made of seasoned white oak. free from sap, full 
bound with hickory or white oak hoops and one iron hoop 
(one inch wide) on each end below the chine-hoop 

Theory of Messing. — Pigs averaging say 145 pounds, 
will work up in messing about as follows : When the side, 
including the hams, is cut up, there will be 23 or 24 pieces 
of side meat, 8 piec s of ham or saddle, and iS or 19 pieces 
of shoulder and neck to the barrel ; excluding the hams, 
the number of side pieces will be increased to 31 or 32. 
In no case should there be more than 6 pieces of the leg 
part of the shoulder put in the barrel. 



TO PRESERVE BEEF. 

(i.) Take 12 gallons of water, 27 pounds of fine salt, 10 
oz. of saltpetre, 8 pounds of brown sugar, i quart of 
molasses, and i quart of lye or i ounce of potash; mix 
them together, after rolling the saltpetre fine. After being 
thoroughly prepared, the pickle should float an egg or a 
potatoe; if it does not, add more salt. The meat should lie 
four tueeks in pickle before use. After once using, if the 
pickle turns red, boil it and add a little salt, and it may be 
used a second time. This preparation will cure as much 
beef as it will cover in a barrel. The beef must be packed 
in close and a weight put on the top layer to keep it under 
the brine. 

Another method for curing beef is to take 16 quarts of 
salt, 4 ounces of saltpetre, and 5 pounds of sugar for each 
100 pounds of beef. Rub the pieces thoroughly with salt 
and sugar, and pack them in edgeways, and after a layer 
is complete, take a mallet or maul and pound down solid; 
then sprinkle on a little saltpetre, and fill up all interstices 
with salt and a little sugar, and so on until the cask is full. 
Those who do not like saltpetre may omit it without injury 
to the meat. 



_M 



BARLEY STATEMENT. 



Price 

per 
Bu. 



Amount Balance Labor I otal 



Paid, 



Due. 



liars. Cts. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cts. -fiollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars^ Cts. 

i I i i 'i .^^ _Lui 



BARLKY STATEMENT. 



OONOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATET^^ ' No. • 

18 Description Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. 



Mo. D. 



Dollars. Cts. 



Bought From 
or 

Sold To 



No. 



Price 



Per 
Bu Bu. 

Bo t Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollttrt. 



Amount Balar 

Paid. Duf 



r^ 



*^ 



BARLEY STATKMKNT. 



Price 

per 
Bu. 



Amount 
Paid. 



Balance Ann'tCo nsumed. Labor 
Due. 



Tota 



'altars. Cts. Dollarsi 



Qta. ipo/lars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



^' ' Profit, 

Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



!l Total 
Amount 



Loss. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cis. Dollars. Cts. 

I 

= i 



Dollars.) Cts. Dollars. Cts. Ipollars. 

'! 11 I I 



cts. ipollars. Cis. 



BARLEY STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO^ 



DATE. N, ' '' Bought From ' ^^ ' Price - ^^^^^^ g^ 

Per 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu Bu. Paid. ' Du 

^^; ^ Raised, o^,,^,^ gf^ Sold Tg Bo't Dol/ars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 



. • ./ 



BUCKWHEAT STATEMENT. 



Price . ^ -,, Am't Consumed. . l -,- . , Total 



Amount Balance Am'tConsumed. Labor Total 



per Amount rrotlt. LOSS. 

Bu. Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. REMARKS. 



ollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts, Dollars. Cts. '^^' Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



BUCKWHEAT STATEMENT. 



OONOHUC & HENNEBERRY PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. ^^ . i Bought From 

18. Description. Bu. VALUE. or 



Mo. D. .-a.scu. D^ii^,.^ Qf^ 



Raised. _.,,_,_ „. Sold To 



No. 

Bu. 


Price , _ , 
ri Amount BaK 

Per ' 

Bu. Paid. D 


Bo't 


Dollars 


Cts. 


Dollars. 


Cts. 


Dollar 













BUCKWHEAT STATEMENT. 



=F 



^''" Amount Balance Am'tConsumed. Labor Total ' /°^^' ^ ,., , 

per Amount rroTit. Loss. dc-k/iadl/o 

Bu. Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. REMARKS. 



•liars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. ^^- Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Ots. Dollars, Cts. 



BUCKWHBAT STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE & HENNEBEHRY PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS^CMICAGO. 



DATE. M„ Bought From 



18 Description. Bu. VALUE, 



or 



Mo. D. f'^''^^- Dollars. Cts. Sold To 

I 





Price 






No. 


Per 


Amount 


Bel; 


Bu, 


Bu. 


Paid. 


D 


Bo't 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollop 











BROOM CORN STATEMENT. 



Price 


Amount 

Paid. 

Dollars^ eta. 


Balance 
Due. 

Dollars^, Cts. 

1 ^ 


Am'tConsunned. 


Labor 
Expense. 


-r , Total 
Total 

Amount 

Expenditure Received. 


Profit. 


Loss. 




per 
Ton. 


No. 


Value. 


REMARKS. 


Hars. Cts. 


Tons. 


Oollara.' Cts 


Dollars. Cts. 

1 


Dollars. Cts. Dollarsl Cts. 

1 : s 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars, cts. 

1 





BROOM CORN STATBMKNT. 



_DONQMUE. a-^HENri£BEflRY-f fBlMTERSr ENGBAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO — 

DATE. 



No. 



18 Description, jons VALUE. 

Raised. 



Mo. D. 



, Dollars. I Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



^ 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Tons Ton. 

Bot 



Amount Bala 

Paid. Du 



•Dollars. \ Cts. ,, Dollars, i Cts. Dollar, 



1 





BROOM CORN STATEMENT. 



Price 

per 

Ton. 



Amount Balance 



Am't Consumed. 



Laboi 



Total 



Pa 



'nr.v. Cis. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars. 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



Due. No. 

cts. ^om. Dollars. 



Value Expense. Expenditure Received. 



cts iDollars.l Cts. Dollars.] Cts. Dollarsi Cts. Dollars. 



REMARKS. 



cts. 



'Dollars. 



Cts. 



BROOM CORN STATEMENT. 



DATE. M„ I Bought From ^^ P^lce ^^^^^^ g^,^ 
18 Description. Jons VALUE. |, or Tons Ton. Paid- Di 






BILLS RECEIVABLE. 



r 

' D. 

1 


NAME OF MAKER. 
. _ _i 


WHAT INDEBTEDNESS. 


Amount. When Due. 


By Whom Paid. 


,.,, r-, . , Amount 
When Paid. 

Paid 


1 


Dolls. Cts. Day. Mo. fr. 




Day. Mo. ir. Dolls. Cts. 
































1 










































\m 



































































































































































































































































































































BILLS RECEIVABLE. 



PO NOHUE J. HEWHEBERRrj_PBltgt."S. ENGRAVERS AND_KWDERS,.CHjC«gO^^ — S=^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^=- 

Amount. When Due. When Paid. Amount, 

18 NAME OF MAKER. WHAT INDEBTEDNESS. By Whom Paid. 



Ho. D. 







Dolls. 


Cts. Day. 


Mo. 


Yr. 



























































































































































































Day. Mo. Yr. Dulls. 






i 



BILLS RECEIVABLE. 



r- 



,,,, _ • 1 Amount 

When Paid. 

NAME OF MAKER. WHAT IN DEBTEDNESS. By Whom Paid. Paid 



0. 

































■ 

















































Amount. Wh 


en Due. 


Dolls. 


Cts. Day. 


Mo. 


Vr. 





























































































Day. Mo. Yr. Dolls. Cts. 



BILLS RECEIVABLE. 

DONOHUE .1. HENWeBERRX. PINTER S. ENMAVERS^A^ gjlgDgRS,_gj.C >Ga - ^1 

DATE. Amount. When Due. When Paid. Announl 

18 NAME OF MAKER. WHAT INDEBTEDNESS. By Who.n Paid. 

Dolls. Cts. Day. Mo. Yr. || Oay. ' Mo. Yr. Dolls, i 



Mo. D. 
















CATTLE STATEMENT. 





' , , D 1 ,, , Labor Total Total 
r- . Amount Balance Value , .. ,, , 

rrice and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 
Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received. 




Died 

Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 






























• 







































































































































































































DONOHUE 4. HENNEBERRY, 


CATTLB 

PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


STATEMENT. 

___=^^ =^| 


DATE. 
18 


No. 
Description. Rals- VALUE. 


Bought From ^^ p^.^^ Amount Ml 
or ' Weight. Paid. C 


Mo. D. 


ed. Dolls, cts. 


o 1 1 -r ^0 ^ 

bold 1 Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Doll, 



- 



r 

*- 


CATTLK 


STATEMENT. 


A . D i \/ 1 '-3'^°'' Total Total 
r> Amount tSalance Value j m ^/ , 1- i- a r^ r- 
Price and No. Value. txpendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture. Received. 


Died 

Dolls. cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 











































































































































































































































































































OHUE i HENNSbSrSV, 


CATTLE 

PftlNTEBS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


STATEMENT. 






DATE. 
18 


No. 
Description. Rais- VALUE. 


Bought From 

^ No. Price 
or Weight. 


Amount 
Paid. 


Bal,. 
Dui 


Mo. D. 


ed. Dolls. Cts. 


Sold To Dolls, cts. 


DolJs. Cts. 


Dolls. 



C ATT L B STAT K M B NT. 



n , >/ , Labor Total Total 

_ , Amount Balance Value , ., ., rr j- * . r> rv i 

Price and No. Value. txpendi- Annount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consunned Feed. ture Received. 

Died 

Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



CATTLE STATEMENT. 













: , 


DATE. 

18 Description. 


No. 

Rais- VALUE. 


Bought From 

or 
Sold To 


No. 
Bo't 


Weight. 


Price 


Amount Ball 
Paid. Du 




Dolls. Cts. 




Mo. D. 


ed. ooiis. cts. 


Dolls, Cts. DolU. 

















CATTLE STATEMENT. 



A . D I \/ I Labor Total Total 

r-> ■ Amount balance Value j m \/ i i- ,• » r^ ,. 

Price and INo. Value. hxpendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received.' 

Died 



Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 
I I i I i I u I !■ ii r • % n I » 1 



\ 



CATTLB STATEMENT. 



,OHUE A HENNtBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

18 



Mo. D. 



No. 
Description. Pais- VALUE. 

sd. Polls, cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No. Price 

Weight. 

Bo't 



Amount Balai 

Paid. Duii 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 



HUE &. MENNEBEK' 

r 



CATTLK STATEMENT. 



A * R I v I '-^'^°'' Total Total 

_ . Amount Balance Value j m i/ , ■- ,■ , r, ,. 

Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received. 

Died 



Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

\ ■ I — ■ ■' i .' ■ ' ' '■ ! " ! 



CATTLE STATEMENT. 



)UE 4 HENNE6ERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BIND ERS, CHICAG O. _ 



DATE.' ^' No. ^°"g''^ ^'""^ No. Price' Amount Bali 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. or Weight. Paid. Du 

ed. flo/;s. cts. Sold To Oo//s. Cts. DoIIs. Cts. Dolli\ 



CATTLK STATEMENT. 



, ^ D 1 \/ I '-^'^°'' Total Total 

r- . Amount balance Value j Kr i; i i- i- a i^ r- ■ 

Price and No. Value. hxpendi- Amount rrotit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received. 

: Q.gj : 

Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

,, ,..,, , 'lit I 1, I 'I i L. ■ 



CATTLE STATEMENT. 



OHUE i HENNE6ERRV, PR INTEBS, ENGR A VERS AMP BINDERS, CHICAGO. 

DATE. N,/ 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. 

M„ n ^'^^ Dolls. Cts. 



Bought From 
or • • - 
Sold To 



No. Price '^'"°""^ ^^'' 

Weight. Paid. D 

Bo't 

Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dall.^ 



-i 



{ 


CATTLE 


STATEMENT. 

- —— --■■ — • ■' ■ - ' '" ' — 


1. li !■ = ' ' 

. ' D 1 ,, 1 Labor Total Total 
r, Amount Balance Value j m w i i- i- » r^ ,- 
Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received. 


Died 
Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

; , 1 ■ , • .. ... 





































































































































































CATTLB STATKMKNT. 



iOHUE 1 HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAOO. 



DATE M Bought From Arv,o,,n+ r. 

UAIC. Nq_ & ^^^ p^l^g Amount Hi 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. or Weight. Paid. [ 



Mil. D. 



Bo't 



ed. Dolls. Cts. Sold To DoIIs. Cts. DoIIs. Cts. Don. 





1 




1 



CATTLK STATEMENT. 



A . D I \/ 1 ^^^°^ Total Total 

_ Amount Balance Value j m \/ i r- i- a r^ r- , 

Price and No. Value. txpendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received. 



Died 

Dolls. eta. Dollars. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts, 

. . I I.I. i= ^ 1 II I I I . 1 I ^- ^ ~ -^ - 



CATTLB STATEMENT. 



NOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 
18 



Mo. D. 



No. 
Description. Rajg. VALUE. 

^a- Dolls. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No. Price 

Weight. 

Bo't 



Amount Ba, 

Paid. [■ 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Oi 



CONTRACT STATKMKNT. 
















t 

FE. ': BY WHOM AODRESS OF 
GIVEN. MAKER. 


IN FAVOR OF 


Amount 
ON WHAT 

of 0''der. Endorsed to 


Where Deposited. 


' °"'- 1 i 


1 . . ._i 


Dolls. Cts. 

p L 




- 1 ' 


1 - 1 


1 


T) 












































































































































































































































. 







































































CONTRACT STATEMENT. 



(UE i HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHIMGO. 



DATE. 



>, Mo. Day. 



PARTIES TO THE WHAT DOES CONTRACT 

CONTRACT. RELATE TO 



Time Amount I, Balance AiTiount Balance '. 

to Paid. : To Whom Paid. Due. Rec'd. Due 



Run. Qoi,^_ c,s 



Dolls. Cts. 1 Dolls. Cts. 



Dolls. Cts. 



il 






CONTRACT STATEMENT. 



PE. 


BY WHOM 
GIVEN. 


ADDRESS OF 
MAKER. 


IN FAVOR OF 


ON WHAT 
OFFICE. 


' Amount 
of Order. 


Endorsed to 


Where Deposited 


1. Day. 


1 Dolls. Cts. 


1 












1 




1 



CONTRACT STATEMENT. 

UE a. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


DATE. PARTIES TO THE 
CONTRACT. 


WHAT DOES CONTRACT 
RELATE TO 


ime Amount 
to Paid. 


E 
To Whom Paid. 


ialance Amount Balance C 
Due. Rec'd. Due. t 


r. Mo. Dan. 


R 

■ 


""• • Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Di 

L , - ii- ... 1 
























1 
























w 
















































































































































'■\ 











CORN STATBMENT. 



per 

3u. 



A i D„i„ „ Am't Consumed. i ,1 , x^toi 

Amount Balance Labor I otal 



Paid. 



Due 



s. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 

I 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
AiTiount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars.; Cts. Dollars. Cts. Doflars. | Cts. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE i HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENQRAVFRS AND RINDE^RS, CHJCAGO._ 



No. 



DATE. 

18, _. Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Riisecl. „ „ 



Mo. 0. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Bu, Bu. 

°° t Dollars. Cts. 



Amount BaUi 

Paid. Du. 

cts. Dollars. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
B.I. 



Amount 
Paid. 



D,i, Am'tConsumed. i ,l 

balance Labor 



Total 



Due. 



No. 



Total 
An-iount Profit. 
Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



Loss. 



REMARKS. 



Cts. potlarsi Cts. Dollars; Cts. ^^- \Dollarsl, Cts. Dollars': Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars Cts Dollars Cts 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE a HENNEBERRYjPRlNTEgSj ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICASO.- 



DATE. M Bought From ., Price 

No. s No. Amount Bala 

18 -. Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu. Bu' Paid. | Du, 

"°- 0. Raised, g^^,^^^ gj^ ^ Sold To Bo't oo/(oM. ; CU. Dollars. . Cts. Dollara. ' 

-= i . I ii i I I ,, i _ —1 ^ 



CORN STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
B.J. 



Amount 
Paid. 



Balance 
Due. 



Am't Consumed. 



Labor 



Total 



Cts. Dollars, Cis. Dollars] Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit. 



Loss. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



dollars. 



Cts. Dollarsl Cts. Dollars.': Cts. Dollars, Cis. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 

u I ' 1 - ■; — i - -i ' i -_ 



CORN STATEMENT. 

DONOHUE& HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. „__- , , ^ 

DATE. K, Bought From >, Price , „ , 

1^0- ^ No. p Amount Balar 

^S Description, gu. VALUE. or Bu, Bu' Paid. Du 

«"• 0. ^^''^'''^- Dollars. Cts. Sold To Bo't Dollcts.. Ots. Dollar,. \ Cts. . Dollars. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



Price . . D I AmtConsumed. , l. -r i. i Total 

Amount Balance • Labor Total , r» r'j. i 

Anriount rroTit Loss. 



per 



Paid. Due. No. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Ills. Ctx. Dnilars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



Bu. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Ool.'ars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE * Hr»;NFBERHV. PRINTEBS - C^r.aavFBa AWf>-RINf>Ffia <1Hlf,»nn,- 



DATE. N, Bought From 



No. 



18 Description. gu. VALUE. 



or 



Mo. D. naibcu. p„„„„, cts. 



Raised. .„,, „ „, Sold To 



No. 

Bu, 
Bo't 


Price . 
_ Amount 
Per 

Bu. Paid. 


Bala 
Du 


Dollars,' Cts. Dollars. Cts. 


Dollan. 




■ '' ! 





CORN STATEMENT. 



Price . t D I AmtConsumed. i ,u„, T^+,l ^o^^' 

Amount Balance Labor I otal , , □ r-x 

ner I Amount r^rOTlt. 



per I Hmouni r iuml. i_ubb. DCMADL'C 

-> PalH n.iP No. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received KLIvlAHKb, 

Bu. 



Pa 


6. Due. 


C*'-. Dollnrs. 


Cts. Dollars. 


Cts. 









Dollars. Cts Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Doi:ars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



CORN STATBME)NT. 



DONOHU£-AHENNEBERRy,.RmMXERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINpgRfi. CHICAGO^ 



DATE. No. ■ B°"ght f""-""^ No. ^;^'' Amount B 

Per 
18... Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu. Bu. Paid. 



al, 



Mo. D. Raised. o„„„,j ^ts. Solcj I Bo't Dollars. , Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollar: 



=t= 



.1 I 



CORN STATEMKNT. 



Price , . D I Am't Consumed. i „k„, x„*,i 

Amount Balance Labor I otal 



per 
B.i. 



Total 
Amount Profit, Loss. 



Value. Expense.. Expenditure Received- 



Paid. Due. No. 

""■ Dollars. Cts Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



REMARKS. 



<^v '^"llnrs^ cts. Dollars. Cts. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



JJjatiOldUE.JUd£fil!iEa£aRX, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. K, Bought From ., Price 

No. s No. r-. Amount bsalanc 

r er 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. , or Bu. Bu. Paid. Due 



R'=''=^d- nniin... m. Sold To Bo't 



Dollars. Cts. vJUiu i u ou l Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



P''ice X D I Am't Consumed. , . -r * i Total ; 

Amount Balance Labor Total , n r'x i 

per Amount rroTit. Loss. 

Bu. Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. REMARKS. 



lars', CIS. Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. 



Bu. 




pnNO HI IF * MPNNFR F P'i^, P"'MTFP<1 ^ FWr.BAVFRS ANQ RlNnF.H.S- .CHlCAaa 



CORN STATEMENT. 

- -It 



DATE. No ^°"gh^ f"'"^ No. ^r' Amount Balar' 

Per 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu, Bu, Paid. Due 

Hfo, D. Raised, p^n^^^ q^^ Sold To Bo't pol/grs.. Cis. Dollars. Cts. Dollars^i 



• * 



CORN STATKMKNT. 



Price 
per 



Amount Balance 
Paid. Due, 



Am'tConsumed. 



Labor 



Total 



Dollarsi Cis. Dollars.. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit. 



Value. Expense. Expe-nditure Received. 



-OSS. 



REMARKS. 



DollarsA Cts. \pollars.\ Cts. Dollars. Cf,5. Dollars'. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars: Cts. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



.ppttfQMiiF X j^ErmEBE BHY . n B ir i TKBft . . K« g«J U EB6. A M P BI NPE BS, CHICACg^ 



DATE. ^ 

No. 
18 Descripiion. Bu. VALUE. 



Mo. , D. 




f^^'^^'^' DolJay.. Cts. Sold To Bo't 



=t= 



Dollars. ^ Cts. Dollars. \ Cts. Dollars.'^ 




CORN STATBMENT. 



P'"^^ A„ 4. D,i^„„„ Am't Consumed. i ,u 

Amount Balance Labo 

per 



Rn. 



Paid. 



Due 



hiars. Cis. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars. [ Cis. 



No. 
Bu, 



r I otal , or', 

Amount rrotit. 
Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



Loss. 



REMARKS. 



^ollars.i cts. : Dollars.' cts. Dollars. \ Cts. pollars.' Cts. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars. 



CORN STATBMENT. 



DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE." M„ Bought From 



18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 



or 



Mo. D. ^^''^'"^- Dollan^ CU. Sold To 





Price 








No. 


Per 


Amount 


Balai 








Bu. 


Bu. 


Paid. 


Dii. 










Bo't 


Dollars. 


Cts. 


Dollars. 


Cts. 


Dollars. ■ 












I 



CORN STATEMENT. 



Price 

per 



Amount 
Paid. 



Balance' Am'tConsumed. Labor 
Due. 



Total 



Cts. Dollars.' Cts. Dollars., Cts. 



No. 

Bu. 



Total 
Amount ' Profit. 



Lo 



ss. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



=P 



Dollars, \ Ota. Dollars., Cts. Dollars.' Cts. Dollars.: Cts. Dollars. I Cts. Dollars., Cta. 



REMARKS. 



CORN STATBMENT. 



DONOHUE \ HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO^ 



=*===^ 



DATE. No. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. 



Mo. D. 



nellars. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No 



Price 

Per 
Bu. Bu. 

"0 ^ Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars 



Amount Bala 

Paid. Du 



CORN STATEMENT. 



rnce 
Der 




D,i,„,„ Am'tConsumed. i ,l„, 
balance Labor 



Total 



Total 
Amount Profit. 



Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Cts. Dollarsi, Cts. Dollarsi, Cis. ^^- ^Dollars.'. Cts. Dollarsi Cts. Dollars.] Cts. DoUarsl Cts. Dollars.\ Cts. Dollars:, Cta. 

I I 1 I i i 1 ' I i' I ' I . I 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE i HENNEBERRV, PBINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO^ 



DATE. N,. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 



Mn. D. 



Raised. _, ,, ^^ 

Dollars. Cts. 



Bought 


From 


or 




Sold 


To 



No. 

Bu, 


Price 
Per 
Bu. 


Amount Bala 
Paid. Du 


Bo't 


Dollars. 


Cts. 


Dollars. 


Cts. Dollars. 













CORN STATKMENT. 



Price 
per 



A i D I Am't Consumed. i ,l„ 
Amount Balance Labo 

Paid. Due. 



Total 



. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit 



Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. \ cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. \ Cts. Dollars. lots. Dollars. \ Cts. Dollars. \Cts. 

-! ! ..- I I I I I = — 1- " - I 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE &. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. M„ ' Bought From 



No. 



18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 



or 



flJo. D_ i-ni=cM. Dgii^i.^ (j(j^ 



Raised. „ .,„ „ „,„ Sold To 



No. 


Price 
Per 


Amount 


Balan 








Bu. 


Bu. 


Paid. 


DU3 


Bo't 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. 



J 



CORN STATEMENT. 



Price , _ I Am't Consumed. i u 

Amount balance Labor 

per 



Total 



Bii. 



Paid, 



Due 



. Cis. Dallars.\ Cis. Dollars.^ Cis. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 

AiTiount 



Profit. 



Loss. 



Value 



Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



=F 



Dollars.' Cts. Dollars., Cts. Dollars. 



Cis. Dol.'arsi Cts. Dollars., Cts. Dollara.l Cts. 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



■ -U 



DATE. "'" M„ "" Bought From ^o. ^^^ Amount Balr 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu. Bu. Paid. D. 



Mo. D. 



Raised, d^h^^^^ cts. Sold To Bo't Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollar!., 



I 



CORN STATKMBNT. 



A.v,,,.,„+ RoU„^„ Am'tConsumed. , . -r . r Total 

Amount Balance ~2ll Labor Total . i-. r. 

P^' Amount Profit. Loss. 

Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



Paid. 



Due 



Cts. Dollars, 



Cts. Dollars.} Cts. 
! ' ' I- 



No. 
Bu. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars.] cts. Dollars, cts. Dollars. ^ Cts. Dollars! Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars \ Cts 

-■- I I i ■ r . I ' 



CORN STATBMENT. 



DONOHUE & HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. M„ Bought From ^^_ Price ^^^^^^ g^, _ 

Per 
18 Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu. Bu. I^'aid. Du 



R'^'^^d, ^„„„,^^ „^^ Sold To Bo't 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cta. Dollan. 



CO R N STAT B M E NT. 



m 



as: 



Price 
oer 



Amount Balance Am'tConsumed. Labor 
Due. 



Total 



Paid. 



;. CIS. Dollars, J Cts. Dollars. I Cts. 

P t ' 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit.' 
Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



Lo 



ss. 



REMARKS. 



dollars. I Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. | Cts. Dollars. ' Cts. Dollars, i Cts. Dollars ' Cts 

I ' I ^ t } ': f . — = ! Ij — '- 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE 4 HENNEBERRy, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS^ CHIC*ga_ 



DATE. No. Bought From 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. or 

Mo D '^"'="^- Dollars: Cts. Sold To 





Price , ^ D , 
No. r-, Amount cal; 
Per 

Bu^ Bu. Paid. Di 


Bo't Dollais. 


Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dullai 






I 

\ 

1 



CORN STATEMENT. 



'rice . . □ I Am't Consumed. ■ . -r , i Total 

Amount Balance Labor Total , ri r, i 

per ^ I AiTiount rrotit. Loss, 

Bii. 



Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. REMARKS. 



Collars.iCts. Dollars. Cts. ^'^- Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars.' Ots. Dollars.! Cts, Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 

I i -" = - ' I ■ I - i I . I i I' "1 ' 



CORN STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. K, Bought From 

INo. != 



18, Description Bu. VALUE. 



or 



R^'^ed. „ ,, „ „. Sold To 



— ' — ,-— — - — 


. 








No. 


Price 
Per 


Amount Bala 






Bu. 


Bu. 


Paid. Du 


Bo't 


Dollars. Cts 


Dollars 


Cts. Dollar . 













DAIRY 


STA'i^KMKNT. 

" - 


r 


Value 
Consumed. 


! 1 Total |! ^ . 
Feed. Labor. Expendi- ' °^^' 

ture. Receipts. 


Profit. 


Loss. 


REMARKS. 




Dolls. Cts. 

i 


1 Dolls. cts. Dolls. cts. Dolls. ^ Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

J ,1 1 U 1 II 1 U 1 4 1 






1 1 


' 1 


1 [ n 1 


1 n— I ■ 


' ' 1 1 


1 


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































• 

































































DAIRY STATKMKNT. 



.lOKOHUE A HENNtB£8RY. PRINTERS, ENGHAVEBS AND BINDERS, CHICASO. 



DATE. 



No. No. No. No. 

Cows Lbs Gals. Gals. 

18 DESCRIPTION. ^ii^. B^^. gw't Sour ^^'" ^'^^ ^°^^ ^° 

ed. ter. Milk. Milk. 



Mo. 



No. 


No. 


Gals. 


Lbs. 


Cre'm 


Ch'se 







Price Amount Balr 
Paid. Di 


Dolls. 
1 


Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 

1 


1 


■ -11 f 


























DAIRY STATEMENT. 



in Value 

p. Consumed. 



Total 



Total 
Feed. Labor. Expendi- 

ture. Receipts. 



Profit. 



Loss. 



REMARKS. 



Dolts. eta. Dolls. 



Cts. Dolls. ^ Cts. Dolls. Cts. | Dolls. I Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

I li i ■ :i i - 



DAIRY STATEMENT. 



jONOHUE & HENNEBEBRYi PBINTEBSj_ENGRAVERS AND^IND|RS, CHICAGO. 



DATF No. No. No. No. ., ., a * d i 

L'^'C.- ^ , ^ , No. No. Prlrp Amount Balaii 

Cows Lbs Gals. Gals. ^ , , , ^^, ^ ^^ ^"^^■ 

18 DESCRIPTION. ,,„, o... c .. c„„. Gals. Lbs. SOLD TO Paid. Due 



*o. 0. 



No. No. No. 

Cows Lbs Gals. 

Milk- But- Sw't 

ed. ter. Milk. 

1 


r- 1 No. 
Gals. 

_ Gals. 
Sour , 
.,.,, Cre m 
Milk. 


No. 

Lbs. 
Ch'se 















Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 

1 i: 






T 1 n — 



















DAIRY STATEMENT. 



,, , Total _ , 

in Value ir=„^ i ,k^, r- ,• Total 



Feed. Labor. Expendi- Profit. Loss. 

( Consumed. ture. Receipts. REMARKS. 



CIS. 


Dolls. 


Cts. 


Dolls. 


Cis. 


























































































4 























































































































































































l| I ! i I li 



DAIRY STATEMENT. 



jOWOHUE i HENNES ERRY, PRINTERS^ ENG RAVERS AND BI NDERS , CHICASO. 



No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. No. 
Gals. Lbs. 
Cre'm Ch'se 


Cows 


Lbs 


Gals. 


Gals. 


Milk- 
ed. 


But- 
ter. 


Sw't 
Milk. 


Sour 
Milk. 



DATE. 

18 DESCRIPTION. ;,:;,■; ~~'^ ZZu c"'." ^a'^. Lbs. SOLD TO 

Mo. O. 



p^\(.Q Amount Balan 
Paid. Due 


Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 
1 














1 














\ 





DAIRY 


STATEMENT. 


1 in Value p^gj 
je. Consumed. 


Total 
Labor. Expendi- Profit. Loss, 
ture. Receipts. 


REMARKS. 


;fs. Dolls.. Cts. 1 Dolls. , Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. , Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 

1 '1 ,1 1 ll 1 ii .11 


cts. 








n 
















































































- -^ 








• 





























































































































































































































































































































































































































DAIRY STATEMENT. 



jOHOHUE & HENNEBeRRY, PRINTERS. £WGRAV_EaS-A!iB-BH6aJ5j CHICASO, 



DATE No. No. No. No. ^, ^, ■ . , 

_ , , „ . ^ , No. No. Price Amount Balan( 

Cows Lbs Gals. Gals. ^ , , , rnce. 

18 -. DESCRIPTION. ...,, R„^_ . . . „^ Gals. Lbs. SOLD TO Paid. Due 



¥o. 



No. 

Cows 
Milk- 
ed. 


No. 
Lbs 
But- 
ter. 


No. 
Gals. 
Sw't 
Milk. 


No. 
Gals. 
Sour 
Milk. 


No. 
Gals. 
Cre'm 


No. ■ 
Lbs. 
Ch'se 





































Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

■ .. -1— 


Dolls. 



























DAIRY STATEMENT. 



J in Value 



Total 



Total 
Feed. Labor. Expendi- ' "'"' Profit. 

;e. Consumed. -fure. Receipts. 



Loss. 



REMARKS. 



•its. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. '{Dolls. 



Cts. 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. . Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts 

I I i I I 



DAIRY STATEMENT. 



^NOHUE i. HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVER S AND BINDERS, CHICASO. 

DATE. No. No. No. No. ^^ ^^ '■ p^,^^ ^^^^^^^ g^l^^^ 

Cows Lbs Gals. Gals. 

18- DESCRIPTION. ^,,,^. B^^. g^,^ gour ^^'^- ^-^^^ ^^^^ ^° P^'^. Due 

, >>'i, >>'ii Cre'm Ch se " 

„ . ed. ter. Milk. Milk. , DoIIs. cts. ooiis. cts. ooiis. 

mo. u. I , 1 11 I ;' 






DAIRY STATEMENT. 























'i" Value pggd Labor. Exp°endi- '^°*^' Profit. Loss. 

re. Consumed. ture. Receipts. REMARKS. 


•1i. Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. , Cts.. Dolls. Cts. 

L. ;i. .1 


Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. 


















































































































- - 

















































































































DAIRY STATBMBNT. 



^NOHUE & HENNEBERRY, P RINTERS, E N GRAVERS AN D BINDE RS , CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

18 DESCRIPTION. 


i No. 

Cows 
Milk- 


No. No. 
Lbs Gals. 
But- Sw't 


No. 
Gals. 
Sour 
Milk. 


No. No. p^j^g Amount 
Gals. Lbs. SOLD TO Pajd, 


Balanc 
Due. 


Ho. D. 


ed, ter. Milk. 
I 


L/re m Un se 

1 , Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. C 

1 11 ''■ > '\ 1 - 


I 








t ' 


w 










































1 




















\ 























































































































































































































































































DAIRY STATEMENT. 



>, I Total 

Value pggj Labor. Expendi- '°*^' Profit. Loss, 

e. Consumed. ture. Receipts. REMARKS. 

Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. , Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. , Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts 

i! I ■ ;i — I li I II I " - ___ 



DAIRY STATEMENT. 



^KOHUE 4 HENNE BERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BIND ERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE No. No. No. No. 

- . , n \ n I '^°- No. Prirp Amount Balant 

Cows Lbs Gals. Gals. ^ , rnce. 

18 DESCRIPTION. ,,.,, p ^ cue Gals. Lbs. SOLD TO Paid Dup 

Milk- But- Sw t Sour raia. uue. 

, , ..,,, .,.,, Cre'm Cn'se 

Ho. 0. ed. ter. Milk. Milk. ^ oaiis.^ cts. Doiu. cu. ooiis. i 

^= I I = I II • I i^ ' 



=tt= 



T 

I 



DAIRY STATKMENX. 



^^ I Total 

'" Value pggj Labor. Expend i- '°^^' Profit. Loss. 

Consumed. ture. Receipts. REMARKS. 

Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. I Cts. Dolls. , Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

I !i ' I N i ,i - 






DAIRY STATEMENT. 



yiHOHUE Ik. HENNEBERRY. FR1NTEB5, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICA60. 



DATE No. No. No. No. ., ., a * d i 

l-'rt'C.. No. No. Price Amount Balanc 

Cows Lbs Gals. Gals. ^ , , , ^^ ^ .^^ 



18 DESCRIPTION. ^.,,_ B^^. gWt' Sour ^^^'^- ^-^.^^ ^OLD TO Paid. Du e 

Cre m Cn se 



Ho. D. 



ed. ter. Milk. Milk. , ooiis. cts. , doiis. , cts. doiis. 

I I i' . L_ 'u [ iL ! 



=fe 



( 









































1 























































FLAX STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 

f liars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts, 



Amount 
Paid. 



Balance 
Due. 



Am'tConsumed 



Labor 



Total 



Total 
Amount Profit. 
Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



Lo 



ss. 



REMARKS. 



Bu. 0, 



liars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



KT.AX 

DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


STATEVIENT. 


• 


' 


DATE. 

18...... 


Description. 


No. 

Bu. 

Raised. 


VALUE. 


Bought From 

or 

Sold To 


No. 
Bu. 
Bo't 


_, Amount Balan 
Per 

Bu. Paid. Due 


Mo. 


D. 


Dollars. 


Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. Dollart, . Cts. Dollars. 


■ 




















1 



FLAX STATKMKNT. 



Price , . D I Am'tConsumed. , , -r„i i 

Amount Balance Labor I otal 

per 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



Bu. Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



Ilars.lcts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. "^- Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. ', Cts. Ivollars. Cts. 



REMARKS. 



FLAX STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A HENNESERRY^ PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND_BINDERS, CHICAGQ..._ 



DATE. ^^ Bought From ^^^ Price ^^^^^^ g^,^^ 

Per ■ 

18...... Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu. Bu. Paid. Dur. 



Mo. D. 



Raised, j^^n^^^ ^^^ Sold To Bo't poilars. Cts. Dollart. \cts. Dollar 



GARDEN STATEMENT. 



Price. 



Amount 

Paid. 



Am't Consumed. 



Labor 



Total 



Balance 
Due. Quan. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received 



Total 

Amount Profit. Loss. 



REMARKS. 



liars. Cts. Dollars. . Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts, 

I I 1^ I " ! !■ 



=T= 



-I — 



GARDEN STATEMENT. 





DATE. 
18 


Description. 


Quan. 

Raised. 

1 


VALUE. 


B 


ought From 
or 
Sold To 


< 
Quan. 

Bo't 

i ... 


li 
^ , Amount 
Price. 

Paid. 


Bali 
Di 




Mo. 


D. 


Dollars. 1 Cts. 

1 


.Dollars., Cts. Dollars. , Cts. 
I. i.. .11.. . , .. 1 , . 


Dolh'' 










! 


1 1 ) 


i 


f 


1 


T — " f --t)~ — 1 





GARDEN STATEMENT. 




i„ . D„i„„„„ Am't Consumed. 1,1 , ' x„t,l 

Amount Balance Labor I otal 




Affiount Profit 

Due. Quan. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. HLIVlARKo. 



Hilars., Cts. Dollars.. Cts. Dollars.l Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. CU. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars., Cts. Dollars,, Cts, 

I - ' i i l i i I i ' I '} i II I I 






GARDBN STATEMKNT. 





DATE. 

18 Description'. 


Quan. 
Raised. 


VALUE. 


4==- 

B 

1 
1 

1 


Dught From 
or 
Sold To 


Quan. 
Bo't 


_ . Annount 
Price. 

Paid. 


Bala 
Dij 




Mo. D. 

1 1 


Dollars. . Ots. 


Dollars. ; Cis. . Dollars. Cts. 

.. .. .L- -U.- -1 


Dollar . 




1 — I 




' 1 1 


^ '■ 




1 


r ■ H ■ ---f-- ^ 





GARDEN STATEMENT. 



A * D u „„ Am't Consumed. i ,l„, x„+,i Total 

Amount tsalance Labor I otal , 

Price. Amount 

Paid. Due. Quan. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



liars. I Cts. Dollars. 



Profit. 



Loss. 



REMARKS. 



cts. Dollars. Cts. I 



i I 

Oollars. ' Cts. Dollars. I Cts. Dollars. ; Cts. Dollars. ' Cts. Dollars. 



Cts. ^Dollars. I Cts. 

I 

' i = 



» 



GARDEN STATEMBNT. 



--DONOMUE A.-HENNEBEHRY. PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. C HICA GO- 

DATE. 



Quan. 



18 Description. "^"°" VALUE. 

Raised. 



Mo.\ D. 



Dollars. Cta. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



Amount Bal.- 

Quan. Price. 

Paid. D. 

-i 

°° t Dollars. Cts. Dollars. , OU. Dollar.'.i 

I i .; = 

I 



i 



GARDEN STATEMENT. 



Price. 



Amount 
Paid. 



Ba 



Am'tConsumed. Labor Total 



Total 

ArTiount 
Due, Quan. Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



Profit. 



Loss. 



REMARKS, 



ollars.' Cts. pollars. 



Cts. iDo/lars.\ Cts. 



Dollars, i Cts. Dollars.. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars.] Cts. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars.] Cts. 



GARDKN STATEMENT. 



DATE. 



18 Description. ^"''" VALUE. 



Raised. 



Dollars. Cis. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



Quan. Price. 



Amount Bal 

Paid. 



Bo t Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollan\ 

i I I >< 



HEMP STATEMENT. 



Price. 



Amount Balance Am'tConsumed. Labor Tot 



a[ 



Paid. 



Due 



hUars. ; Cts. Dollars. , Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit. 



-OSS. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars.' Cts. Dollars, Cts. 



V 



HEMP STATEMENT . 



_aQH9HUE-t-H£m£B£BBX^EBIHIEB5, ENGRAVERS 4W0 aUBEBS^.CHlC^^ 



No. 

Tons 



18 Description. or VALUE. 
' Bu. 



Mo. D. 



Raised. 



DoJIars. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. 

Tons 
or 
Bu. 



Price. 



Amount Bala 

Paid. Du 



Bo t Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollar!.,. 

I ! i ; -^ 



HEMP STATEMENT. 



Price. 



. . D_i Am't Consumed. i „i T„t,i 

Amount balance Labor I otal 



Paid. 



Due. 



No. 



Total 
Amount Profit, Loss. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



pilars.. Cts. Dollars., Cts. Dollars., Cta. 



Bu. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



HKMP STATKMKNT. 



OONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BmDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. No. ' Bought From N°- ^^ ^^^ 

Tons io"S Price. 
18 Description. or VALUE. or °' Paid. D« 
^ Bu. Bu. 

Raised. ^„„„^^ cti Sold To Bo't Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollan^ 



Mo. D. 



\ 



=*= 



/ • 



HAY STATEMENT. 



-j;-: -' 



Price , 1 D I Am't Consumed. i i_ -r ^ 

Amount Balance ~ Labor Tot 



Paid. 



Due. No. 



Total 
An-iount Profit. Loss. 

Value. Expense Expenditure Received 



per 
Ton. 

liirs. Cis. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. I O n S Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. . Cts. Dollars. Cts. 

I ' 1 I I I - I t i . I i ,. - 



REMARKS. 



A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGa 


V 


3 i Jr^ 


± 


12vlVX 1 V 


IX 


1 . 




■ 


^j^j^ - 

18 Description. 


No. 
Tons 

Raised 

i 


VALUE. 


" B 


DUght From 
or 
Sold To 

^. ^ 


No. 
Tons 
Bo't 

1 


Price 
Per 
Ton. 


Annount 
Paid. 


Bal 
D 


Mo. D. 

1 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. 

1 


Dollar 



HAY STATEMENT. 



-zr: 



Amount Balance 
Paid. Due. 



Am't Consumed. 



Labor 



Total 



No. 



Total 

Amount Profit. Loss. 



Price 

per 

Ton. 

IJars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars., Cts. ' O'^S Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



Value. Expense Expenditure Received 



REMARKS. 



HAY STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A. HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGa 



DATE. 



No. 



18 Description, jons VALUE. 

Raised. 



Mo. D. 



Dollars. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Tons Ton. 



Amount Baia; 

Paid. Du 



^° '' Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollai: 



HAY STATEMENT. 



Price 

per 

Ton. 



Amount Balance 
Paid. Due. 



Am'tConsumed. 



Labor 



Total 



No. 



Total 

Amount Profit. 



Loss. 



Value. Expense Expenditure Received 



REMARKS. 



filtars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. ' °"^ Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars^ Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



HAY STAXEMENT. 



OONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHtCAGa 



^'^'^- M„ Bought From ., Price 

'^°- ^ No. Amount Bali 

rer 

Tons Ton. Paid. Di 



18 Description. j^„^ VALUE. 



or 



ixo. D. Raised. ^_,^,^^^_ p^^_ Sold To „ Bo't 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars.' Cts. Dollars 



I 



HAY STATEMENT. 



■PTI 



Amount Balance _AnVtConsumed. ^__^^^^^ 
Ton. 



Total 



Paid. 



Due 



No. 



Total 

Amount 



Value. Expense Expenditure Received 



Profit. 



Loss 



tars. Ots. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Tons 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Ots. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Ots. 



HAY STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE &. HENNEBEHRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGa 



=r 



DATE M Bouaht From M Price ^ 

'-^"''-' No "to'"- No. ^ Amount tialar 

Per 

18 Description, j^^^ VALUE. or j^^^ j^^ Paid. Due 



Mo. D. Raised, u^n^^^ j;<s. bold I Bo't oollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollan. 



I 



^ 



HAY STATEMENT. 



Price . D^u„. Am't Consumed. i ,. T^t^i 

Amount Balance Labor I otal 



per 
Ton. 



Total 
AiTiount Profit. Loss. 



Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense Expenditure Received. REMARKS. 



Hollars. Cts. Dollars^ Cts. Dollars. Cts. I ons Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cis. Dollars. Ots. Dollars. Cts. Dollars., Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



'•I 



HAY STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A HENNEBERRV. PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGa 



^^"^^- | i ]„ ' P nii i III r — ., .. PiJLL -—i 

TT ^ ^ in5^ d Amount Balance 

18 Description. t,,3 VALUE. or ^.n. t 

Ions Ton. Paid. Due. 

""■ '>■ ''^'"''' Dollar, cts. Sold To Bo't T^, Z TT 

y Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. C 




HAY STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 



Amount Balance Am'tConsumed. ^_^^^^ -j-^^^. Total 



Amount Profit. Loss. 



Ton. Psid . Due^ No. Value. Expense Expenditure Received " REMARKS. 

Oollar^Cis. D ollars. Cts. Dollars . Cts. Ton_s_g o,fa„ . Cts.Donars._Q U^tMlais^t^^ Mla,M^OtZI^a.n^,^.aZ7f,,,,„,^_^^_ . 



HAY STATEN^IENT. 



DONOHUE A HFNNEBERRY, PRtNTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGa 



==^== 



DATE. "^ m/^'" Bought F7om ^^_ Price ^^^^^^ g^,, 

MO. Pgr 

18 Description. Jons VALUE. or Tons Ton. Paid. D. 



Raised. „„,,„^, o,. Sold To Bo't Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollar. 



f/l„_ nai!>cu. D^ii^^^ C(j_ 




HAY STATEMENT. 



Pnce . D,i,„^^ Am't Consumed. , , -r-^. , Total 

Amount Balance Labor I otal , r-> ri i 

per I AiTiount rroTiT. Loss. 

Ton. Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense Expenditure Received. REMARKS. 

Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts, Dollars, Cts. I ons Dollars, Cis. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. ■ Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts, 



HAY 

DONOMUE & HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGa 


STATEMENT. 






DATE. 
18 


Description. 


No. 
Tons VALUE. 


Bought From 

or 

Sold To 


No. ^ 

Per 

Tons Ton. 

., Bot oollars. cts. 


Amount 
Paid. 


Balanc 
Due. 


«o., D. 


''^'^^''■, Dollar,. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollai . 



HAY STATEMENT. 



^"'^^ A t R,l,„^= Am'tConsumed , ,, „, 7~~ Total 

Amount tSalance Labor I otal , o r'l i 

per I AiTiount rroTiT. Loss. 

jQn Paid. Due. No. Value. Expense Expenditure Received REMARKS. 

Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. I OnS Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



HAY STATEMENT. 



OONOHUE i HENNEBEHRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. ' M„ ' ^ '" Bought From ^^ Price ^^^^^^ g^,^^ 

18 Description. Jons VALUE. or Tons Ton. Paid. D 



ue 



Mo. D. 



Raised. „ ,, nt. Sold To Bo't oollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 



HOG STATEMENT. 



, , D , „ 1 Labor Total Total 
Amount Balance Value . ., ,, , ^ ,, 
Price and No. Value, Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 
Weigl-.t, Paid, Due, Consumed Feed. ture. Received. 




uied — 

Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts^ Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 


























































































' 

























































































































































































HOG STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENQBAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. No. 

18.. Description. Rais- VALUE. 

Mo. D. ^^- Dolls. CtS. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. Price 

Weight. 



Amount Balance 

Paid. Due. 



3o't 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. CIS. Dolls. C 



HOG STATBMENT. 


A . D 1 w , Labor 
r, . Amount Balance Value , ., 
Price and No. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. 


Total Total 
Value. Expendl- Amount Profit. Loss, 
ture. Received. 


Dolls, cts. Dolls. 


Uied 

cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. . Cts. Dolls. .Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 






















































































































































































































• 













































































HOG STATEMENT. 



3NOHUE a. HENNEBEBRV, PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. No. 

18 Description, pals- VALUE. 

ed. ooiis. cts. 



Mo. D. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. 



Weight. 



Price Amount Balance 

Paid. Due. 



Bot 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Cl 













































































































HOG STATEMENT. 



r, . Amount Balance Value , ., 
Price and No. 

Weignt. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. 


Total Total 

Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss, 
ture. Received. 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Uied 
cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 


DoMs. cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts, Dolls. Cts. 



















































































































































HOG STATEMENT. 



DNOHUE J. HENNE8EBRY 


PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS 


AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. _ 















DATE. 

18 


Description 


No. 
Ra,s- VALUE. 


Bought From 

or 
Sold To 


No. 
Bo't 


Weight. 


Price 


Amount 
Paid. 


Balance 
Due. 


Mn. D. 


ed. Dolls, cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Ct 



HOG STATEMENT. 



„ . . „ _ Loss. 

Weight. 



A . or \/ 1 Labor Total Total 
-, . Amount Balance Value , ., , , 

''^I'lce and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. 
Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture, Received. 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Uied ■ 

cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls 

i 











































Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



HOG STATEMENT. 



NOHUE A HEKNEBERBV, PRINTEBS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. , --— . 

"^ATE"' ' No^"' '" Ro'Jght From ^^ p^.^^ ^-^^^^^ Balance 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. or Weight. Paid. Due. 

Bo't 
ori . .. „._ ooia I o 

Ma. D. 



ed. Dolls. Cts. Sold To Dolls. CU. DoIIs. Ct$. DoIIs. Cts. 



;eA 



i 



%. 



HOG STATKMENT. 



Amount Balance Value '-^'?' „ „,' ^ "^°^^' ^otal 

^"■ice and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture. Received 

Died 



Dolls. Cts. Do/Is. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



HOG STATEMENT. 



3N0HUE i HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



Mo. D. 



ed. „„,,,. «.. Sold To 



DATE. "" No. ^°"§^^ '^'°"' No. Price Amount Balance 

18 Description. Rals- VALUE. or Weight. Paid. Due. 

Bo't 



Dolls. 

1 


CU. Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. 


CU 






i 






1 
















1 



























HOG STATEMENT. 



, , D 1 \/ 1 Labor Total Total 
^ . Amount Balance Value , ., ,, , ,- ,. . 

Price and INo. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 
Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture. Received. 


Died 

Dolls. Cts. Dollq. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 


' 



HOG 

DONOHUE i HENNEBERHV, PBINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


STATEMENT. 




1 


DATE. No. 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. 


Bought From 

No. Price 

or Weight. 


Amount 

Paid. 


Balance 
Due. 


Wo. D. ^'^- Dolls. Cts. 


Sold To i,„ii,, cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Ct 








' \ 

















h 



HOG STATEMKNT. 



p. Amount Balance Value ^^"^T m "''°*^' "'"°^^' 

^'■'ce and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit Loss 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture. Received 

Died 



DMs. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. CU. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



HOG STATEMENT. 



)NOHUE 4 HEH NEBERBY, PfliNTERS,_ENGRA>^RS^AN£JjN0£R5,CHICAGa 

DATE. ' No. 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. 

ed. Dolls, cts. 



Mo. 0. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. Price 

Weight. 
Bo't 



Amount Balance 

Paid. Due. 



Dolls. Cts, Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Ct I 





























1 



1^ 



HOG STATBMKNT. 


A , D 1 \, , Labor Total Total 
^ . Amount Balance Value , ., ,, , ^ ,. 

Pi-ice and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 
Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture. Received. 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Uied 

cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 


























\ 























HOG STATEMENT. 



INOHUE 4 HENNEBERHY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. No. 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. 

^d. Dolls. Cts. 



Mo. D. 



B 


DUght 

or 


From 




Sold 


To 



No. Price 

Weight. 



Amount Balance 

Paid. Due. 



Bo't 



DolJs. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Ct 



■* 



^ 



HORSE & MULK STATEMENT. 



, u,^ p. Amount Balance Value ^^^°' ,, „, /"*«' Total 

Hands Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss 

I ,,, , P^'^' P^g Consumed Feed. ture. Received. 

High. Died 



Dolls. CU. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts 

II I -i ' i| I ' ! i 



HORSE & MULE STATEMENT 



3HU.E & HENN& &£aR,ti-P?lNX^§i-l'^G"*^^"^ ^'^9 ^'P^°^"^J-^ig*g°:u 

date: z~ 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE 



Mo. D. 



JE. 


Bought From 

or 

Sold To 


No. 
Bo't 


Hands 
High. 


Price 


Amount 

Paid. 


B, 


Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Do 

















• t . 



\ 



HORSE & MULB STATEMENT. 



A * D I \/ I Labor Total Total 

ij,„j, D ■ Amount Balance Value , ., 

Hands Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

P^'d- D^g' Consumed Feed. ture Received. 

High. Died 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. 


Cts. 


Dolls. 


Cts. 























































Dolls. Cts. 



\ 



HORSK & MULE STATEMENT 



^lOHUE A HENNEBERRV. PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHIOVGO. 



Mo. D. 



No. 



DATE. 

18 Description, pais- VALUE. 

■ ed. 



Do/Is. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No. Hands Price 

Bo't High. 



Amount 
Paid. 



Bai 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Doll 



HOKSK 




& MULE STATKMKNT. 


H,,, p. Amount Balance Value ^^^°' „ „, /°*^' Total 

Hands Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss 
Paid. Due, Consumed Feed. ture Received. 

M t r-r 1-1 1^ ■ 1 


nigh. Died — 

'1 "oils. Cts. Dolls. CU. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 


., 




• — <■ r 








I 


































i 

1 


















1 




































' 







HORSE & MULE STATEMENT. 



^UE A. HENNE8ERRY, 


PRINTERS, EKGRAVEHS AND BINDERS, CHICAOO. 
















'"date. 

18 


No. 
Description. Rais- VALUE. 


B 


ought From 
or 
Sold To 


No. 
Bo't 


Hands 
High. 


Price 


Amount 
Paid. 


Bala 


Mo. D. 


ed- Dolts, Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolli. 



i 



HORSE & MULE STATEMENT. 



A + R I \/ I Labor Total Total 

u j„ o • Amount Balance Value , ., ,, , ^ 

Hands Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Paj^L Due, Consumed Feed. ture Received. 

High. Died 



Dolls. 


Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. 






f 























Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Ct^. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

> M I 



HORSB & MULE STATEMENT. 



UE i HENNEBER By, .ERim£RS,-£HGBAV£aS-AMajlMfl£SSj etUC&QQ... 



' 



nATP >, Bought From » „t d,i 

LJrtlC. No. ^ No. Hands Price Amount Bala 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. or Paid. Du, 

, CUT Bo't High. 

H,^ p^ ed. . oo/zs cts. OOia l O oolls. Cts. DoIIs. Cts. Dolls. 



«: 



Ik 



HORSE & MULE STATEMENT. 



. X D , ,, I Labor Total Total 

LI 1 r-, . Amount Balance Value , ., ,, , ,- ,. . 

Hands Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss, 

Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received. 

Higli. Died 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



HORSE & MULK STATEMENT. 



1UE A HENNEBERHY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAOO. 



DATE. No. 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. 



Mo. ' D. 



ed. 



Dolls. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. Hands Price 

Bo't High. 



Amount Bala 

Paid. D.I 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 



HORSE & MULE STATEMENT. 



Price 


Amount 
Paid. 


Ba-lance 
Due. 


Value 
Consumed 


Labor 

and 
Feed. 



Total Total 

ands Price _ _ _ and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss 

ture. Received. 

High. Died 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 






HORSE & MULE STATEMENT. 



E A. HENNEBERRY, 


PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAQQ. 
















DATE." 
18 


No. 
Description. Rais- VALUE. 


B 


ought From 

or 
Sold To 


No. 
Bo't 


Hands 
High. 


Price 


Amount 
Paid. 


Bala 
Du 




Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. 




Mo. D, 


ed- Dolls. Cis. 


Dolls. 

















HORSK 


& MULK STATEMENT. 


. , D 1 v 1 Labor Total Total 
u J n • Amount Balance Value , ., ,, , r- .. . 
Hands Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture Received. 


High. 

Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Uied 

cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 




1 J * — : 


































































1 





HORSK & MULE) STATEMENT. 



UE i. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGflAVERS AND BINDERS, CHIOOO. 



'date. No. ^°"S^^ ''^"^ No. ■ Hands Price Amount Bal, 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. or P^^ D. 

T Bo't High. 

P(J „ „ .. bold I Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolli. 

Mo. D. ^°- Dolls. Cts. 



HORSE & MULK STATEMENT. 



, , D 1 \/ r Labor Total Total 

u J n • Amount Balance Value j Kr v/ i r- ■■ » r, ,. 

Hands Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture. Received. 

High. Died 

Dolls. Cts.^ Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolts. Cts. 



HORSE & MULE STATEMENT. 



JE 4 HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENCRAVERS ANO BINDERS, CHICAOIX _ 



Mo. 



DATE. No. ^°"g'^^ ^''"^ No. Hands Price Arr,ount Bal 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. or P^id. D 

CUT B°'* ^'g^- 

ed. „ ct bold I O Dolls^ Cts. DoIIs. Cis. Dolls 



i3t= 



GROCERIES. 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



1 t Balance Final 

Bill Rendered for For Paid. 
BOUGHT OF ^ Due. Payment. REMARKS. 

- * Months of 



IMPLKMKNTS. 



DONOHUE A HENNEBERRY. -PRINTERS, ENGRAVEHS AND BINDERS ,XHICAOO. 



No. 



DATE. Amount Balance ^°- Final 

18 BOUGHT OF DESCRIPTION. '"^^' Paid. Due, J*^^ Payment. REMARKS. 

— rrorn 

^ ^ Do/Is. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Date. Dolls. Cts. 



GROCERIES. 



DATE 

I R-ii D ^ I t r- Balance Final 

B BOUGHT OF B, II Rendered for For Paid. 

■ Months of '■ ■ ^'^''"'"'- REMARKS. 

Do/Is. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



IMPLBMKNTS, 



DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY. PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAOO. 



DATE. 
18.... 

Mo. D. 



BOUGHT OF 



DESCRIPTION. 



Amount Balance ^°* 
Paid. Due ^^y^ 



Final 
Payment. 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Date. Dolls. Cts. 



REMARKS. 



I 



OATS STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 



1 4 D 1 Am't Consumed. i ■ t * i 

Amount balance Labor I otal 



Paid. 



Due 



hrs, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. ; Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
AiTiount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received- 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 'Cts. Dollars. Cft. Dollars. Cts. 



=ff= 



OATS STATENIENT. 



DONOhUE a Hrr.NEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. 



DATE. 




No. 




Bought From 


No. 


Price 1' 
Per 
Bu. 


Amount 


Ba 


18 


Description. 


Bu. 

Raised 


VALUE. 


or 

Sold To 


Bu. 

Bo't 


Paid. 


D 


Mo. D. 


Dollars. Cts, 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. , Cts. 


Dollar 








1 




1 


1 li 




1 












1 r 




1 




1 r 




1* 



OATS STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
Bu, 



»„ . D I Arn't Consumed. i i -r j. 

Amount Balance Labor Pota 



Paid. 



Due 



'ars. Cts. Dollars. 



Ct$. Dollars. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount 
Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



Profit. 



L 



OSS. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



OATS STATKNIKNT. 



-nr..,r,M.,t-»^ „tM i|rc«»»»- _p. ..i^» Bv Fnr,B«vFRfi aNn-RinnFBt C^-iCl'yi- 



No. 



DATE. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. 



Mo. I D. 



Dollars. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 




Bo't 



Dollars. Cts. Dollar). Cts. Dollar. 



■♦' 



OATS STATEMBNT. 



Price 


Amount 
Paid. 


Balance 
Due, 


Am'tConsumed. 


Labor 
Expense. 


Total /°' 


a! 






1 






per 

Bu. 


No. 


Value. 


Anriount 
Expenditure Received- 


rrotit. 


LOSS. 


REMARKS. 


tllars. , Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. 

1 , 


Dollars. Cts. 


Bu. 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 


Cts. 


Dollars. 


Cts, 


Dollars, i Cts. 






! 


i 






1 










i 







OATS STATEMENT. 



DONOHUEA^HCNNEBERRV, PR|NTERS,_E_NGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGQ^ 



No. 



DATE. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

„. „ Raised. 



■, Dollars. Cts. 




f 



OATS STATEMENT. 



''^ce i D I Am't Consumed. i ■ -r i 

Amount Balance Labor Tote 



per 
Bu. 



Paid. 



Due. 



illars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount 



Profit. 



LOSS. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars, < Cts. Dollars. ' Cts. DoHars. Cts. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



OATS STATEMENT. 



DATE 




18 Description. Bu. VALUE 

Raised. 



Mo. D. 



Dollars. Cts. 

i I I 



or 
Sold To 



Paid. 



Du, 



Bu. Bu. 

Bo t Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 



M 



H 



OATS STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 



Amount Balance 

Paid. Due. 



Am't Consumed. 



Labor 



Total 



No. 



Total 
Amount Profit. 



-OSS, 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



R i I ! 

oUarsi Cts. Dollars^ Cts, Dollars. Cts. ^^- Do/lars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars.-, Cts. , Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars! Cts. 



OATS STATEMENT. 



DONOHU£ Jk. HLNNEBfcBRif-, JjRMJEflS, Eh&RAVERS AND BIMDERS. CHICAGO^ .- 



T 



DATE. 
18 



No. 
Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. _ „ „, 

Dollafs. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. 
Bu. 
Bo't 



Price 
Per 
Bu. 



Amount Balan 

Paid. Due' 



Dollars. Cts. Dollart, Cts. Dollars, 






i I 



p 



■Ifi 



■Md. 



OATS STATEMENT. 



Price . 

Amount 


Bal 


i^ 

ance 


Am't Consumed. 


Labor Total , 

Amount 

Expense. Expenditure Received. 


D 




1 






per 

Bu. Paid. 


Due. 

Dollars. Cts, 

1 1 


No. 


Value. 


rroTii. 


Loss. 


REMARKS. 


ollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. 

(i ' ■ 


Bu. 


Dollars, Cts. 
1..... 


1 
Dollars, Cts, Dollars. Cis. Dollars:. Cts. 

1 i ll 1 li i 


.Dollars 


Cts. 


Dollars 


Cts. 


1 
1 


!l 




1 


1 




\ 


1 ! " - 1 ! 1 










i — — 



OATS STATErvIENT. 



,PQKaHULAJl£EJ.ti£&E8RY,. PRIKTE.RS,.ENGRAVEBS-AMpJBJyilP£BS,-CaiCAGQ>- 

dateTI 



No. 



18. 



Mo. D. 



Description. gu. VALUE. 
Raised. 



Dollars. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



., Price , ^ , 

No. r^ Amount Balai 

Per 



'' Bu. Bu. Paid. 

Bo't 



Dt, 



Dollars. Cts. Dollart. Cts. Dollars. 



OATS STATEMENT. 



per 
Bu. 



Amou 
Paid. 



nt Balance Am'tConsumed. Labor Total 



Due 



Total 
AiTiount Profit. 



L, 



OSS. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received- 



REMARKS. 



'.liars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



Bu. 



Dollars., Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars., Cts. \DolIarsi Cts. 'Dollars., Cts. [Dollars. Cts. 



OATS STATE rvIENT. 



OaNOHUfrvl^6N»JH»l=IHlV-^PBIIJrClifi,-[:tiffliftVPpa,tHI^.|»IMn».C-^Hlf««r. 



DATE. 



No. 



18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. 



Uo. D. 



Dollars, Cts. 



t=t 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Bu. Bu. 

Bo't ' 



Amount Balai 

Paid. Dii I 



■Dollars. Cts. ..Dollars. .Cts. Dollars. 



OATS STATEMENT. 



Pfice , p,u„„„ Am'tConsumed. i ,■ 

Amount balance Labor 

per 



Total 



Bu. 



Paid. 



Due 



liars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. , Dollars. , Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
AiTiount Profit. 



L-OSS. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



Dollars, cts. Dollars., Cts, Dollars. Cts. iDollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. 

I I '' i li - I 1 1 11 \ I I 



REMARKS. 



OATS STATENIENT. 



nrmn«uiu^ .^t-^tacaa^mHT-^s. , f HriflflvFRfi ftrmj I imFRft . f . Hfnftn nr- | 



T 



DATE. 
18 



Mo. D. 



No. 
Description. g^. VALUE. 

Raised. ^ ,, ,,. 

Dollars. , Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Bu. Bu. 

Bo't 



Amount 
Paid. 



Balai 



Pollars. I Cts. rDollars. Cts. Dollars. 



f\ 



REAL ESTATE RENTED. 



Where and how to be 

REMARKS. 



Delivered. 



Price per 
Acre. 


When When 

Amount. r. r J n -j Amount. 
Delivered. Paid. 


Dolls. 


Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. Day. Mo. Yr. Day. Mo. Yr. Dolls. Cts. 





















RKAL KSTATE RENTKD. 



)HUE * HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHIOAOO. 



DATE. " 

18 


RENTED TO OR FROM. DESCRIPTION. 


Mo. D. 














• 



















































w 

Sec. Twp. R. Lot. BIk. SI 

Ci 



REAL ESTATE RENTED. 



Where and how to be 
Delivered. 


Price per When When 

A^.= Amount. n r J d -^ Amount. 

Acre. Delivered. Paid. REMARKS. 


Dolls, eta. 


Dolls. Cts. Day. Mo. Yr. Day. Mo. Yr. Dolls. Cts. 






— } 






































































































































































































■ 











REAL KSTATE RKNTED. 



NOHUE 4 HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAQO, 



DATE. M 

I^HAWl RENTED TO OR FROM. DESCRIPTION. Sec. Twp. R. Lot. BIk. S 

C 



Mo. D. 



REAL ESTATE SOLD. 



Rate Interest Taxes '"<=^'^- Total 
CHASE MONEY DUE. . „ . , ^ .^ brance Incidental. Amount 

°^ P^"^- P^"^- Assumed. Received. 




Int. 
Mn. Yr. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 


















































■ 














- 



























REMARKS. 



REAL ESTATE SOLD. 



OHIIF. A MFMNFBFRBY. PRINTERS, EM6RAV£R5 AfP PINP?"!?, CHICAOO. ^|1 

DATE. Amount Bal; 
18 SOLD TO DESCRIPTION. Sec. Twp. R. Lot. BIk ^"^^' Paid. D. 


Mo. D. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls.' 

1 

1 
1 



REAL ESTATE SOLD. 



Rate Interest Taxes '"'="'^- Total 
:HASE money due. , _, . , _ . , brance Incidental. Amount 

°^ P^"^ P^'^- Assumed. Received. REMARKS. 


Mo. Yr. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. Cis, Dolls. Cts. 






















































































































































































































• 




















« 











REAL ESTATE SOLD. 



3NOBU£-A-«£.-^£aEajiY,-J5Ri:;XE(li.XNGaAV£fiS-AKn^lND£Si..C«lCACia_ 



DATE. Amount Bal 

18 SOLD TO DESCRIPTION. Sec. Twp. R Lot. Blk '"'''' Paid. D 



„ n Oolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Doll s 

mo. U. 



DRY GOODS, &c. 



~^y 



ATE. I Balance Final 

Bill Rendered for For Paid 

BOUGHT OF Due. Payment. REMARKS. 

' Months of 

D. Dolls. CU. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



REPAIRS. 



OONOHUE A HenNEBERRY, PBLHTEaSj^ENCffij^jf S AND-B!aPJfl?J-^lg*°°- 



DATE. Price of Amount Balance '^°- Final 

18 WORKMAN. Article Repaired. Work. Paid Due ^^^ Payment. REMARKS. 



■ rojn 



Mo. D. 

II — ir 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Date. Dolls. Cts. 



1 

1 



DRY GOODS, &c. 



ME, Balance Final 

Bill Rendered for For Paid 
BOUGHT OF Due. Payment. REMARKS. 
Months of 



Dolls. Ctt. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 
II ===a » 1 I II I » 



RKPAIRS. 



DONOHUE 4 HENNEeERaTj_PailjIiaSj.gaSMYEBj«t!°.§a°ggg-J>l'S*S°^. 



[)/\J£ Price of Amount Balance ^°- Final 

18 WORKMAN. Article Repaired. Work. Paid Due ^^^^ Payment. REMARKS. 



Mo. D. 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Date. Dolls. Cls. 

I 



RYB STATKMENT. 






Price , 1 D 1 Am't Consumed. i i -r i 

Amount Balance Labor Iota 



per 



PalJ. 



Due. No. 



Total li 

AiTiount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense. Exoendituro Received 



REMARKS. 



liars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



Bu. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts 



RYB STATEMENT. 



OONOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO._ 



DATE. M Bought From ., Price 

No. & No. p. Amount Ba;; 

r er 
18 Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu. Bu. Paid, 

mo. D. Raised, a^,,^,^ f.^^ Sold To Bo't dollars Cts. Dollai-s. Cts. Dollar, 



. 



RYE STATEMENT. 



fi'ice . PI Am'tConsumed, ■ . t i i Total 

Amount Balance Labor Total , n r, i 

per . AiTiount rroTit. Loss. 

Bu. Paid. Due. No. I Value. Expense. Expenditure Received REMARKS. 

ollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. '^^^ Dollars. CIs. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts- 



RYK STATEMENT. 

i 

D0N8HUE & HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS^ ENGRAVERS AND BtNOERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. N^ ^ Bought From ^^_ Price ^^^^^^^^ g^,^, 

Per 
18 Description. Bu. VALUE. or Bu. Bu. Paid. Du 



Mo. D. Raised, ^^^^^ jfs. OOld To Bo t Dollars Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollan. 



SHEKP STATEMENT. 



Amount Balance Value "-"^7 ' m ^°'"' '^°'^^ ^ 
^'■'ce and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 
Weight, Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. ture. Received. 


Died 

Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



SHEBP STATEMENT. 



DNOHUE A. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DA I L. ■ ■"" - :: Bought 1-rom 7~ * n\ 

"^^ No. ^ »i Price Amount Balance 

18 Description. Rais- VALUE. or Weight. Paid. Due. 

Mo. D. ^'^- Dolls. Cts. bold 1 Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. C' 





SHEEP STATEMENT. 


. . D 1 \/ 1 '-^^°'' ' Total Tofal 
n • Amount Balance Value , ., ,, , ,- ,. . „ . 
Price and No. Value. Expendi- Amount Profit. Loss. 

Weight. Paid. Due. Consumed Feed. lure. Received. 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


uiea 

cts. Dolls. cts. Dolls. cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts Dolls. Cts. 








i~ 




'f 
























f ^ 








^ 






' 








































. 



































SHEEP STATEMENT. 



NOHUE &. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



UAI L. ^" ' '^^ ''~^^' Bought From 



[vJq Price Amount Balance 



18 Description. Rais. VALUE. or VVelght. Paid. Du 

Mo. D. ed. oolls. Cts. ■ Sold To oclls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. C-; 



• V 



SUGAR CANE STATBMKNT. 



A t D I Am't Consumed. i u -r * i Total 

Amount balance Labor lota! , n r-i i 

Amount rrotit. Li 



Paid. 



Due. Quan Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



OSS. 



/ (lis. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars, Cts. 



.Dollars, Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars^ Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollarsl Cts. Dollars Cts 



REMARKS. 



SUGAR CANK STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE 6. HENNEBERRY, PlilMEBS , EUGR4VERS AND BIKDERS. C HIOCO. 



DATE. 

r-. Quan. 

18 Description VALUE. 



,'^aised. 



Dollars. Cts. 



Bought Fro 
or 
Sold To 



m 



r\ D Amount Bal 

(^uan. rnce. 

Paid. D 

, : 1 

°0 ' Dollars;, Cts.> Dollars. Cts. Dollar.') 



SUGAR CANE STATEMENT. 



Am't Consumed. 



Price. 



Labor 



Total 



Amount Balance 
Paid. Due. Quan Value. Expense. Expenditure Received 



Total 
Amount Profit. 



L 



OSS. 



REMARKS. 



Ills. Cis. Do/larsi Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars Cts. f 



SUGAR CANK STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE i HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


















DATE. 

18 Description. 


-\ \ 

Quan. 
Raised. 

: 1 


\ 

VALUE. 


B 


ought From 
or 
Sold To 


il i 
Quan. 

Bo't 


1 If- 

Prlce. 


Amount 
Paid. 


4 — 

Ba 

L 


Mo, D. 1 


Dollars.^ Cts. || 


Dollars} Cts., 


Dollart. j Cts. 


;: Dollaiy 


1 ■ 


1 

















TIMBER STATEMENT. 



Price. 



Amount tsalance Labor I ota 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



Paid. Due. Quan. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollats. eta. Dollais. Cif. Dollars. Cts. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollar^. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollais. Ctf. Dollaifs. Cffj 



i ■ ll 



TIMBER STATEiMENT. 



DONOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



















DATE. 

18 Description. 


Quan. 

on 
Hand. 


VALUE. 


4 — 


B 


Dught From 
or 
Sold To 


Quan. 

Bo't 

. .1. . . 


^ . Amount 
Price. 

Paid. 


Bal 
D 


Mo. D. 

1 1 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. Cts. . Dollars. Cts. 

1 -. . f-.-U, I. 


Dollai 

-l 


1 , 


' 




n 






\' 







TIMBER STATEMENT. 



Price. 



Amount Balance Am'tConsumed. Labor Tot 



al 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



' Paid. Due. Quan. Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



ollars. Cts. : Dollars. ,Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



=f= 



Dollars. , Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. [ 

J I 11 ! . L_. J I : I i! I 



TIMBER STATEMENT. 



DONOMUE d HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. 



Quan. 



DATE. 

18 Description „„ VALUE. 

Mo. D. Hand. 



Dollars. Cti. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



Quan. Price. 

Bo't 



Amount Ba 

Paid. : 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollai 

— .J 1- i 



ITIME & LABOR STATEMENT. 



Price per Price per Total 

Day. Month. Amount. 



Dolls. ,Cis. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. ,Cts. 



RECEIVED PAYMENT 
FOR 



Balance 
Due. 



Dolls. Cis. Dolls. Cts. 

i ^- i 



REMARKS. 



TIMS & LABOR STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE &. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

NUMBER DAYS WORKED. 
18 NAME. 



Mo. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 









\r 



IME & LABOR STATEMENT. 



Price per Price per Total RECEIVED PAYMENT Balance 

Day. Month. Amount. FOR Due. REMARKS 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. , Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



TIME & LABOR STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A MENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

18 NAME. 








SIUMBER DAYS 


WORKED. 












Mo. D. 1 





3 


4 5 C 7 8 9 10 11 


13 13 14 15 16 


17 


18 19 


30 21 2S 


. 23 


24 


25 


26 27 


28 2; 




















1 












































































































































































- 






















































■ 






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































1 




























■ 



iTIME & LABOR STATEMENT. 



H^ 



Price per Price per Total RECEIVED PAYMENT Balance 

Day. Month. Amount. FOR Due. REMARKS. 

[lolls. Cts. Dolls. ,Cts. Dolls. .Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

i I: I I • ' / I I 



TIMB & LABOR STATEiMENT. 



DONOHUE 4 HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

18 NAME. 



Mo. D. 













NUMBER DAYS 


WORKED. 














1 2 


3 4 5 

, 1 


6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 IG 17 18 19 20 21 22 


23 24 2n 2G 27 28 29 


























































































































































































































































TIMB & LABOR STATEMENT. 















Price per 


Price per 


Total 


RECEIVED PAYMENT 


Balance 




Day. 


Month. 


Amount. 


FOR 


Due. 


REMARKS. 



Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. I Dolls. Cts. i Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



TIME & LABOR STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE A HENNE8ERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

18 NAME. 
















NUMBER 


DAYS WORKED. 




















Mo. D. ■^1^ 


3 ,4 5 


6 


7 8 9 10 


11 


12 


13 


14 15 


16 17 


18 


19 20 21 


33 


23 24 25 26 27 28 


39 








































1 
















































































































































































1 






























































> 






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































- 





















































































TIME & 

1 




LABOR STATEMENT. 


1 Price per 
Day. 


Price'per Total RECEIVED PAYMENT Balance 
Month. Amount. FOR Due. 


REMARKS. 


Dolls. 


Cts. 


Dolls. 


cts. Dolls. 


cts. 


Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. 























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































TIMB & LABOR STATEMENT. 



lONOHUE 4 HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



NUMBER DAYS WORKED. 
18 NAME. 

Mo. D. 



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 

' - , ^ - ; : M i i ' ' , . i ' I h i i ! I 



TIMK & 




LABOR STATEMENT. 


1 > — " - 

1 Price per Price per Total ' RECEIVED PAYMENT Balance 
Day. Month. Amount. FOR Due. 


REMARKS. 


Dolls. Cts. 


Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































TIMB & LABOR STATEMENT. 



3N0HUE 4 HENNEBERRV, PBINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHI CAGO. 



'-' NUMBER DAYS WORKED. 

18 NAME. 



Mo. D. 



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ,8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 

I ' i ! i I < I I i : I in i : . I ; I I I i ; M 



TIME & LABOR STATEMENT. 



Price per Price per Total RECEIVED PAYMENT Balance 

Day. Month. Amount. FOR Due. REMARKS. 



Dolls. cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

I i- I I 



Dolls. 


Cts. Dolls. 


Cts. 

































TIMB & LABOR STATEMENT. 



DONOHUE i HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAgO. 



DATE. 

18 NAME. 



NUMBER DAYS WORKED. 



Mo. D. 



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 S 



I 



TIME & LABOR STATEMENT. 



^?fc 



Price per Price per 
Day. Month. 


Total 
Amount. 


RECEIVED PAYMENT 
FOR 


Balance 
Due. 


Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 


cts. Dolls. Cts. 











































































































































































































































REMARKS. 



time: & LABOR STATEMENT. 

DONOHUE i HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAG O. .„, 



NUMBER DAYS WORKED. 
18 NAME. 



Mo. D. 



X 2 3 4 Tj 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 fiS 24 25 26 27 28 %{ 

ill' . , ! , ■ i I ■ ■ ' , , ■ ! 



W H K AT STAT K M K NT. 



Price , i D I Am'tConsumed. r ,u„, T^+d Total i 

^^^ Amount Balance Labor Total ^^_^^^^ p^^^;^^ Loss. 

Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



pe 

Bu 



Paid. 



Due 



'l-r^. Cts. Dollars 



Cts. Dollars Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



REMARKS. 



•Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars! Cts. Dollars 



Cts. 



WHEAT STATKMENT. 



No. 



OONOHUE A HENNESERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. 

DATE. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

1 I \ 



Mo: — 37- 



=Doitctrs^^^ts ^^ 



Bought From 

or 

Sold T o 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Bu, Bu. 

P° ^ Dollare. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dol. 



Amount B 

Paid. 



WHBAT STATKMKNT. 




. i D I Am't Consumed. i „i -r^t 

Amount Balance Labor I ot 

P^id. Due. No 



Ills. Cts. Dollark. Cts. Dollar^. Cts. 



Bu, 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Recjeived 



Dollar^, cts: Dollar t. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollais. Cts. Dollar;. Cts. Dollar 



REMARKS. 



WHEAT STATBMBNT. 



DONOHUE A. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 




No. 




Bought From 


No. 


Price 

Per 


Amount 


B 


















18 


Description. 


Bu. 

Raised. 


VALUE. 


or 
Sold To 

1 


Bu. 
Bo't 


Bu. 


Paid. 




Mo. D. 


Dollara. Cts. 

1 


Dollars. Cts. 

. 1 


Dollarsi CU. 


Doll 

























I 1 



n 



WHBAT STATKMKNT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 



1 . o„i Am'tConsumed. p ,l„, t«*-,i 

Amount Balance Labor I otal 



Paid. 



Due 



;. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Collars. Cis. 



h 



No. 
Bu., 



Total 
An-iount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollar'^, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollarf. Cts. 'Dollar's. Cts. 

i i i = 



WHBAT STATEMENT. 



DATE. 
18 


Description. 


- 1 

No. 
Bu. 

Raised, 
i 1 


1 

VALUE. 


B 


ought From 
or 
Sold To 


iJ- 


No. 
Bu. 
Bo't 


_ Amount c 
Per 

Bu. Paid. 


Mo.l D. I 


Dollars. 1 Cts. 

1 j 


Dollars., Cts^ Dollars, i Cts. r<,: 
II 














1! 







WHEAT STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 



Amount Balance 



Ann 't Consumed. 



Labor Total 



Paid. 



Due 



liars. Cts. , Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 









Dollars, CIs. Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts- Dnl'ars. Cts, Dollars. Cti. Dollar. 

=4= 



WHEAT STATKMENT. 





_ OONOHUE J. HEWHEBEBB»,-Pi;jNTFnS. FNr.PAVi;ilS AND RltMlFBfi.- f.M^IMnn^^^^ 

DATE. 

18 Description. 


No. 
Bu. 

Raisec 


VALUE 


' Bought From 

or 
\ Sold To 


No. 
Bu. 

Bo't 

li 1 


Price 

Per 
Bu. 


Amount 
Paid. 


1 

B 




Mo, D. I 

i 


• Dollars Cts 


Dollars^ CU, 

1 1 'f- 


Dollars. 1 Cts. 


Doll 




II 






r 


n ■ 




! 





WHEAT STATKMBNT. 



Price 

per 



Amount tsalance Labor 



Total 



Paid. 



Due 



Total '! 

Amount Profit. Loss. 



nollars. C<s.;i Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



No. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 
Bu. Z 



REMARKS. 



'liars, cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



WHBAT STATKMBNT. 



pQnOHtJ&-A-H£liLa£B£BRX,-EBJi:iI£RS. ENGRAVERS AND-E1.\DERS, CHICAGO.- 



No. 



DATE. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

„ „ Raised. 

! I 



Dollars. Cts. 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Bu. Bu. 

Bo t Dollars^ Cts. Dollars. 

II I 



Amount B; 

Paid. . I 



Ct^i Doll, 

li 



WHEAT STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 



Amount 

Paid. 



Balance 
Due. 



Am'tConsumed 



Labor 



Total 



tillars. C!s. Dollars. Cfs. Dollars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 

An-iount Profit. 
Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



L. 



OSS. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars, Cis. Dollars. Cts. Dollars, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 

if 'I i ;i ^ ' ' 



s. cts. DoUars,. 



W^HBAT STATEMBNT, 



DONOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVER S AND JINDERg. CHICAGO,, 



DATE. 
18 



No. 

Descrl)3tion. g^, VALUE. 

Raised. _, ,, ... 

I i Dollars: Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 




WHKAT STATEMENT. 



P'''<=® A * R I = Am't Consumed. ■ ,. „, T„+,l '''°^^' 

Amount Dalance Labor I otal , o r'j. i 

per , Aniount rrotit. Loss. 



Bu. 


Paid. 


Due. 


•I'an. cts. 


Dollar^. Cts. 

! ■ i 


Dollars. Cts. 






' ! 



No. Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Bu. 



Dollars, eta.. . Dollari. Cts. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. 

I 'I I - I ;; I 



WHEAT ST ATE MB NT. 





CaBOHtLEjS_HIUlf)EB£aEy,J!BlKI£RS, ENGRAVERS AND 


eiNQERS.-CHlCAGQ _. 






















DATE. 
18 


Description. 


1 
No. 

Bu. 

Raised. 


II 

VALUE. 


Bought From 

or 

Sold To 


II 


No. 

Bu. 
Bo't 


Price 1 
Per 
Bu. 


Amount 
Paid. 


Bal 
D 




Mo. D. 


Dollars. Cts. 
1 II 


Dollars. Cts. 

ii 


Dollars. 


Cts\ 

i 


Dollar 








1 


1 II 




-^ 




! I' 




— 1' 





WHKAT STATBMBNT. 



Pi'ice , i o I Am't Consumed. t u -r * i Total 

Amount Balance ~ Labor Total , o rx i 

per An-iount rrotit. Loss. 



Bu. 



Paid. 



Due 



Dollars. C!s. Dollars. Cts, Dollars. Cts, 



No. 
Bu, 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars, eta. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Ctsl 



X 



WHEAT STATEMENT. 



J30N0HUE j. _MENNEBeRRYj_PRirjTERS) ENGRAVERS^A^jP-BINpERS^-CtrUCAGQ.- 

' DATE."^ 



No. 



No. 



Price 



18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. 



Per 
Bu. Bu. 



Amount Bal 

Paid. D. 



Mo: D. 



^ 



Dollars) Cts^i 



Bo't 



Dollars. Cts^. Dollars., Cis., Dollar 



W H K AT STAT E M K NT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 



A t R„i,„„„ Am't Consumed. i i -r ^ i Total 

Amount balance ^ Labor Total , r-, f, 

Amount rroTit. 



Paid. 



Due 



Dollar. Cis. Dollan . Cts. Dollars. Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



Loss. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars 



CtSf Dalian. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts, Dollar^. Cts. Dollar^ Cts. 



WHEAT STATEMENT 



OO NOHUE a. HENNEBERRY, PRINTER S, ENGRAV ERS AND BINDERS, CHIC AGO. 



DATE. 

18 L 

Wo. D. 



No. 



Description. g^, VALUE. 



Raised, 



Dollars. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. 



Pric 



Per 
Bii. Bu. 

"o '' Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dolla 



Amount Ba 

Paid. C 



WHEAT STATBMENT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 



Amount Balance 
Paid. Due. 



Am't Consumed. 



Labor 



Tota 



Dollars. Cts,[ Dollars. Cts. Dollard Cts. 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Amount Profit. 



Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollarsi Cta,. Dollars. Cts: Dollars'. Cts., Dollars. Cti. Dollars, Cts. DollarsL Cts. I 



WHEAT STATKiMENT. 



_flQNOhlU£,J-aLfiIi£B£BBX^ 



.^ENGRAVERS AND-BiaDEHS,XidlCAGO^ 



J 



No. 



DATE. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

■ Raised, 



Dollars, Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No. 



Price 
Per 
Bu. Bu. 

Bo't 



Amount Balar 

Paid. Du. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. 



WHEAT STATEMENT. 



Price 
per 
Bu. 



Amount Balance 
Paid. Due. 



Total 
An-iount Profit. Loss. 

Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



Ann -t Co nsumed. Labor Tot 

No 



REMARKS. 



Dollar^. Ctsf Dollar^. Ct^, Dollar^ Cts. ^'^^ Dollars\ Cta. Dollara, Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Ctsi Dollan 

ii 



Cts. Dollars,. Cts. 



WHKAT STATKiVIBNT. 



PONOHUE & MENNEBERRV. PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS ANO_BLNB£BSjJ^ilCAGg^ 



DATE. 

18 



No. 



Description. Bu. VALUE. 



Raised. 



Dollars, Cts. 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



No. r^ Amount 

Per 

Bu. Bu. Paid. 

Bo t Oollarsi Cts. ; Dollars. 



Balar, 
Duf 



cts. 



AVHEAT ST ATE me: NT. 



I'^^ce . 1 D I Am'tConsumecl. i u 

Amount Balance Labor 

per 



Total 



Bu. 



Paid. 



Due 



Dollar^, Ctal Dollars^. Cts. Dollars). Cf?. 

I il = 



No. 
Bu. 



Total 
Anfiount Profit. 



Loss, 



Value 



Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars 



Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollarsi Ctsi Dollars. Cts. Dollan. Cts. Dollan. Cts. 



=ff= 






=!r 



WHEAT STATEMENT. 



OONOHUE A HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



m 



No. 



DATE. 

18 i Description. Bu. VALUE. 

,, „ Raised. 



Dollars. Cts 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



., Price I , _, , 

No. „ Amount Dal. 

Per 



Bu. Bu. 



Bo't 



Paid. 



Dollars. Cts, Dollars. Cts. Dollar. 



WHBAT STATKMBNT. 



Price . p I Am't Consumed. r . -r * i "'"o^^' 

Amount Balance Labor I otal . n rs i 

per Aniount rrotit. Loss. 



Bu. 



Paid. 



Due 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Ctst Dollars. Cts. 



No. 

Bu. 



Value. Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars', Cts'. Dollars. Cts., Dollars', Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Ctsh Dollars, Cts. 



W^HEAT STATEMBNT. 



aONOHUE i HEIJNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND 


BrNDERS, CHICAGO. 














. 


DATE. 

18 : 


Description. 


No. 

Bu. 

Raised 


VALUE. 


Bought From 

or 

Sold To 

1 


T 
No. 

Bu. 

Bo't 


Price 
Per 
Bu. 


Amount 
Paid. 


Balar 
Du, 


Mo. D. 

\ 1 


Dollars. Cts. 
j 


Dollars. Cts. 
1 i 


Dollars. Cts. 


Dollars. 


1 1 






1 


' 1 




1 H 


1 





WHKAT STATEMKNT. 



Price 

per 
Bu. 



Amount 
Paid. 



Balance 
Due. 



Am'tConsumed. 



Labor 



Total 



Dollarsl Cts. . Dollarai Cts. , Dollars.) Cts. 



No. 

Bu. 



Total 

AfTiount Profit. 



Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Dollars.'} Cts. I Dollars, 



Cts. Dollars.' Cts. Dollarsi Cts. Dollars. 



Cts." Dollar s2 Cts. 



WHEAT STATEMKNT. 



DATE. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. 



No. 



Mo. D. 
I 



Dollar^. Cts. 
I 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



No. 



Price 

Per 
Bu. Bu. 



Amount Balan 

Paid. Due 



Bo't 



Dollars. Cts. , Dollars j Cts. ,Dollars. 

I I - 



WHEAT STATKMENT. 



Pfice . R,u„^o Am't Consumed. i ,. „, t^+,1 Total 

Amount Balance Labor I otal , n /•■■ 

per Amount rrotit. 



Bu. 



Paid. 



Due 



No. 



Lo 



ss. 



Value 



Expense. Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Oollars. 



Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. '^"- Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. .Dollars. Cts. 



WHKAT STATEiVIKNT 



aONOHUE &. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



^ 



W 



No. 



DATE. 

18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. 



Ml. D. 



Dollars. Cts. 



Bought From 

or 

Sold To 



M Price , _ , 

No. p, Amount Balan 

rer 



Bu. Bu 

Bo't 



Paid. 



Dollars. Cts. Dollars.' Cts. ' Dollars 



i 



WHEAT STATKMBNT. 



i Price 
per 
Bu. 



Amount 

Paid. 



Balance Am'tConsumed. Labor Tota 



Due 



Total 
Amount Profit. Loss. 



Value. Expense, Expenditure Received. 



REMARKS. 



Oollars. Cts. Dollars. Cis. Dollars. Cts. 

il I 



Bu. 



Dollars. Cts. [Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cts. Dollars. Cis. Dollars. Cts. Dollais. Cts. 

\ i i.. I, ) ■: I i; 



WHEAT STATKiVIKNT. 



_aONOHUE A HENMESERRY., .RRinTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BrNDERS, CHICAGO.-. 

DATE. 



No. 



18 Description. Bu. VALUE. 

Raised. „ ,, 



Mo. 



Ctsl 



Bought From 

or 
Sold To 



ii I 



No. 



Price 



Per 
Bu. Bu. 

Bo't 



Amount Balan 

Paid. Due 



Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars. 



Cts. Dollars. 





CATTLE PKDIGREK. 


^ r Date of Birth, 
■g. No. and Age. ^°'^ ^' DATE PAID. Usual time 

Service. TO WHOM PAID. j^ 9 Months. Name of Calf, Reg. No. 


Yr. Mo. Day. Dolls. Cts. Yr. Mo. Day. Yt. Mo. Day. 







E * HENNEBERRY, 


CATTLE 

PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


PBDIGREE. 




1 


DATE. 
18 


NAME OF COW. .^ -| 


^ Re 

4) 


g. No. and Age 
of Cow. NAME OF BULL 


M 
5 


_o 

O 

O 


Mo. D. 


5 




No. 


Yr. Mo. Day. 

















■"^ > 



^ 



V 



CATTLE PEDIGRKK. 



|;g. No. and Age. 



Cost cf 
Service. 



DATE PAID. 



TO WHOM PAID. 



Date of Birth. 

Usual time 

is 9 Months. 



Name of Calf, Reg. No. 



Yr. Mo. Day. Dolls. Cts. 



Yr. Mo. Day. Yr. Mo. Day. 



CATTLE PKDIGREE. 

UE & HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 




1 

1 

• 
> 


DATE. 

18 NAME OF cow. 1" 


^ Reg. No. and Age 
1 "1 of Cow. NAME OF BULL. 


5 


o 
o 
O 


5 

Mo. D. 


Ho. ir, m. Day. 













HOG 


PEDIGREE. 


rST OF 
RVICE. 


Date of Birth. 
WHEN PAID. Usual time 
TO WHOM PAID. 3 Mo. and 20 days. No. 


REMARKS. 


s. 

i 

1 


Cts. 




Day. 


Mo. 


Yr. Day. 


Mo. 


Yr. 




• 















HOG PEDIGHKE. 



OHUE d KENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

AGE OF SOW. Reg. ;^ No_ ^ 

18 KIND OF SOW. NAME. ,5« Color. NAME OF BOAR 5" 



No- $ Bred 



«... D. Dun. Mil. Yt. 



HOG PEDIGREK. 




Date of Birth. 
WHEN PAID. Usual time 

?VICE. TO WHOM PAID. 3 Mo. and 20 days. No. REMARKS. 



Cts. 


Day. 


1 Mo. 


Yr. 


Day. Mo. ' Yr. 




i 






















1 


















































































• 































































































































































HOG PBDIGREE. 



UE A HENNEBERRY, PRPNTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



DATE. 

18... 


KIND OF SOVy. 


AGE OF SOW. 


Reg. 
- No. 


NAME 


Mo. D. 


Day. Mo. Yr. 





:£ No. 

.5" Color. NAME OF BOAR. .5" 

^ Bred 




HORSK PEDIGREE. 



^ , i Date of Birth. 

?eg. No. and Age. Record. ' DATE PAID. Usual time 

Service. TO WHOM PAID. 1^ 1, Months. Name of Colt, Reg. No. 

Yr. Ho. Day. M. S. Dolls. Cts. yr. Mo. Day. Yr. Mo. Day. 

1 ^ . I " i I' " ■ ===== 



HORSE PKDIGRKB. 



NOHUE &. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAOa 


















- DATE. 

18 NAME OF DAM. ^ 

0) 


o 
o 
O 


a) 

X 


Reg. No. 


and Age 


Record, 


NAME OF HORSE. 




o 
o 
O 


§ 









Mo. D. 



No. rr. Mo. Day. M. S. 



HORSE PEDIGREK. 



>-. 'r Date of Birth, 

ieg. No. and Age. Record. °^° DATE PAID. Usual time 

Service. TO WHOM PAID. is 1 1 Months. Name of Colt, Reg. No. 



rr. Mo. Day. M. S. Dolls. Cts. rr. Mo. Day. Yr, Mo. Day. 



HORSB PKDIGRBK. 



NOHUE A. HENNEBERRV, PRlNTEfiS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAOO. 




















UAIh. 

18 NAME OF DAM. 


CD 

5 


_o 
o 
O 




Reg. No. 


and Age 


Record. 


NAME OF HORSE. 


5 


o 













Mo. D. 



Ho. Yr. Mo. Day. M. S. 



SHEEP PEDIGREE. 



h 

DST OF 

ERVICE. 


TO WHOM PAID. 


DATE PAID. 


Date ot birth. 

Usual time is 
4 Mo. and 20 days. 


No.^ 


REMARKS. 


Cts. 


Day. Mo. Yr. 


Day Mo. Yr. 









SHEEP PEDIGREE. 



DATE. 
18 


NAME OF EWE. 




AGE. Reg. 
No. 


Name 

of 
Flock, 


'1 

Weight. 


Color. 


No. 
Serv- 
ed. 

■1 


NAME OF BUCK 
AND FLOCK. 


Weight. : 


Mo. D. 


Day. 


Mo. Yr. 



u 



SHEBP PEDIGRBE. 



"' Date orBirffiT " 

'^' °^ DATE PAID. Usual time is 

RVICE. TO WHOM PAID. 4 Mo. and 20 days. No. REMARKS. 

Cts. Day. Mo. Yr. Day. Mo. Yr. 



SHEKP PBDIGRKE. 



3HUE 4 HENNEEERRY 


PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGa 






















DATE. 

18 


NAME OF EWE. 


AGE. 




Reg. 
No. 


Name 

of 
Flock. 


bi) 


Color. 


No. 

Serv- 
ed. 


NAME OF BUCK 
AND FLOCK. 


5 


1 


Mo. D. 


Day. 


Mo. 


rt. 












' 






- 



















Testing of Milk and Production of Cows. 

(g)^ Saz-nt Suzin^ f/lc ijcai of- '/S 



n,,^^f Period^ Test" YieTd VALUE OF PRODUCE. 

MAMF Aae v,, i,f of Milk .,,,, I ' TT Skim 7, VaZo jihaiirpin TO I ^ 

'^'^^^- ^ Calving Cornmenced ;^j.;; Q^^ Milk. Butter. Cheese. ^^^^^_ Manure, ^f ^alf, ValuoorCow. 



Profit and Loss upon Cows, and their Present Value. 

©n Sazfn for, tftc ycaz of 18. 



COST OF P RODUCTION Value of Presel 

NAME Age. BREED, Cnvcvancc liepmiaiioii -r- , . n , P^o^if Loss. ^ , 

Food. Labor. ,,,.•, :,,-,,„ Total. Produce. valu 



charges. in \aliie. 
I ' I I I > I I ! I — I- 



Testing of Milk and Production of Cows. 

(f)« Saztn Suzina tltc ycaz of 1 $ 



Qg.g^f PerioJ of Test Yield VALUE OF PRODUCE. 

NAME. Age. . s... of of Milk Skim .. Vai.o *d>ai,cHn TOTAL. 

Calving Commenced ^^^^ qj^ Milk. Butter Cheese. ^i|^_ "^""'^ of Calf. UlueoCCW. 

' I I II ; ) . I I I ■ 1 I I I I 



Profit and Loss upon Cows, and their Present Value. 

<§ft Saz-in foz tfic ycaz of 18 



COST OF P RODUCTION Value of ^ ,. p| 

NAME Age. BREED. C„„veya„oc fcprcc,at,„n ^^^^1 p^^^^^^ P^°^'f Loss. ^ 

I uuu. i-duui. Charges. in Value. 



I I I ! I I I II! 



YEARLY BALANCK SHKET. 



lUE tL HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



Balance £^_ 
Received Amount. o" 

Hand. P^"^"- 

Account of ~ ~ 

.Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



iarley 

nils Payable 

Bills Receivable 

froom Corn 

Buckwheat 

pastor Beans 

Dattle 

tattle Pedigree 

Contract Statem't 



j^otton 



Dairy 

pry Goods 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Henfip 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 
I Horse Pedigree 
I Implements 

Oats 
I Poultry 



J Real Est Bot 











't 













Balance 



Received 



age 



Amount. 0" 

Hand. P^"'«- 
Account of 



Dolls Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YEARLY BALANCE SHEET. 



DONOHUE &. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



Page 



Balance p 

Received /^rtiount on For Year ending 

°" Hand. P^"^e- 

Account of Dec. 31, 18 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts Dolls. Cts. 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract State m't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



I 



Received 
'age on 

Account of 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



Balance 

Amount. on 
Hand. 


Ex- 
pense. 


Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



























YEARLY BALANCE 

lUNOHUE 4. HENNEBERHY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 


SHKK/i\ 




Received 
on 


Balance £^_ 

Amount. o" 

Hand. P^"^«- 


For Year ending 

i 
Dec. 31, 18 


age 


Received 
on 


Balance ^^ 

AiTiount. 0" 

Hand. P^"^* 


For Year ending 


Account of 


Dol/s. Cts Dolls 


Cts. t 


Mis. Cts. 


Account of 


Dolls, t 


Dec. i 1, 10 

7ts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 


Barley 












Real Est Sold 






Bills Payable 














Real Est Rented 






Bills Receivable 
















Repairs 






Broom Corn 














Rice 








Buckwheat 














Rye 








1 

1 Castor Beans 
















Sheep 








Cattle 




Sheep Pedigree 








Cattle Pedigree 














Sugar Cane 








Contract Statem't 














Timber 








Corn 








Time and Labor 








Cotton 






• 








Wheat 








Dairy 

Dry Goods 
















Miscellaneous 




















Flax 
















Fruits and Berrie 


s 














- 








Garden 














Groceries 
























Hay 




















Hemp 
























Hog 






















Hog Pedigree 










Horse, Mule 
















Horse Pedigree 
























Implements 
Oats 
























Poultry 


















Real Est Bot 



























































YEARLY BALANCE SHEET. 



DONOHUE & HENNEBERRV, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



age 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Balance 



Artiount. 



on For Year ending 

Hand. P^"^^- 

Dec. 31, 18 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts Dolls. Cts. 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract Statenri't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



age 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Balance ^^ 
Amount on For Year ending 

Hand. P^""^- 

Dec. 31, 18 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Laber 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YEARLY BALANCE SHEET. 



,OHUE & HENNEBERRV, PR(NTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Balance £^ 

AiTiount. o" 
Hand. . P^"^^- 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



I age 



Contract Statem't 






Corn 






Cotton 




• 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contr 

Corn 

Cotto 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

en 

og 

og 

or! 

or; 
Implements 
Oats 
Poultry 
Real Est Bot 



Hemp 






Hog 




Hog Pedigree 




Horse, Mule 






Horse Pedigree 







Received 

on 

Account of 



Balance p 
Ariiount. on 
Hand. P^"^^- 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YBARLY BALANCB SHKET. 



DONOHUE &. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



Page 



Balance p 

Received /^^.o^^t on For Year ending 

on Hand. P^"'^' 

Account of Dec. 31,18 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts Dolls. CU. 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract Statem't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



Received 



Balance £^_ 

Amount. on 

age on . Hand. P®"^^' 

Account of 



For Year endini 
Dec. 31, 18 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YEARLY BALANCE SHEET. 



JONOHUE ft HENNEBERRy, PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract Statem't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



AiTiount. 


Balance 

on 

Hand. 


Ex- 
pense. 


Dolls. 


Cts 


Dolls Cts. Dolls. 


cts. 

















For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



Received 
F age on 

Account of 



Balance p 

Amount on For Year ending 

I Hand. P^"^^- 
Dec. 31, 18 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YEARLY BALANCE SHEET. 



DONOHUE £. HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



Balance 



Received 



Ex- 



age 



Amount on For Year ending 
on Hand. P^"'® 
Account of Dec. 31, 18 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts Dolls. Cts. 

I II 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract Statenn't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



=age 



Balance 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Ex- 



Amount. 0" 
Hand. P^"^^- 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 

i l i =r= 



For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



■I I 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YEARLY balance: SHKET. 



DHUE dt HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO^ 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Balance £^_ 
Hand. P^"^^- 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



For Year ending 
Dec, 31, 18 



I Barley 
Bills Payable 
Bills Receivable 
iBroom Corn 
Buckwheat 
Castor Beans 
Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 
Contract State m't 
.Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 
[Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

I 

I Hog Pedigree 

r 
I 

I Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

I 

. Implements 

Oats 

jj Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



Balance 



f age 



Received 



Amount. on For Year ending 

on Hand. P^"^^' 

Account of ' Dec. 31, 18 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YEARLY BALANCE SHEET. 



DONOHUE « HENNEEERRV, PRiNTEHS, ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. 



Page 



Balance c 

Received ^^^,0^^^ on For Year ending 

on Hand. P®"'^- 
Account of Dec. 31, 18 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts Dolls. Ots. 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broonri Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract Statem't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



t 



Amount. O" 

page on Hand. P®"^^' 

Account of ' ■ 

I Dolla. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



Balance 



Received 



Ex- 



For Year endini 
Dec. 31, 18 



Real Est Sold 




Real Est Rented 




Repairs 




Rice 




Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 




Sugar Cane 
Timber 




Time and Labor 




Wheat 




Miscellaneous 









YEARLY BALANCE SHEBT. 



[ONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS. CHICAGO. 



Balance ^^ 

R^=^'^^^ Amount on 

on Hand. P^""^' 

Account of 



For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



P 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract Statem't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 



h 



F'a 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Balance p 
Amount. on 
Hand. P^"^^- 

Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. 



For Year ending 
Dec. 31, 18 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



YKARLY BALANCE SHEET. 



DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY. PRINTERS. ENGRAVERS AND BINDERS, CHICAGO. 



age 



Received 

on 

Account of 



Balance r- 

Amount. on For Year ending 

Hand. P^"^^ 

Dec. 31, 18 



Dolls. Cts Dolls Cts Dolls. Cts. 



Barley 

Bills Payable 

Bills Receivable 

Broom Corn 

Buckwheat 

Castor Beans 

Cattle 

Cattle Pedigree 

Contract Statem't 

Corn 

Cotton 

Dairy 

Dry Goods 

Flax 

Fruits and Berries 

Garden 

Groceries 

Hay 

Hemp 

Hog 

Hog Pedigree 

Horse, Mule 

Horse Pedigree 

Implements 

Oats 

Poultry 

Real Est Bot 
















































Balance 

Received An.ount on '" For Year ending 

Page on Ha^j pense. 

Account of Dec. 31, 18.. 

, Dolls. Cts Dolls cts. Dolls. Ota. 



=*= 



Real Est Sold 

Real Est Rented 

Repairs 

Rice 

Rye 

Sheep 

Sheep Pedigree 

Sugar Cane 

Timber 

Time and Labor 

Wheat 

Miscellaneous 



/ 
4' 













1 






-<■ 






J 




<■>>" 



CJ 



,1.^ ' 

V 



■c-.C".. % 



V !•' / '* 






^ ^--;-/ ^^-^-V \'^^> ^ 






> -O.^ tj» 

^ ,^^o ^^!^ o^'S '^*^'' / 



,0-/- 



-. o_ ^,,* _..*,... -.^^^^c°,v,,^,,. %/ ..:^-. v„/ 








■ -.^^* ^^^ \- '^ ^ 






^' %'^!^-/ ^^z-^-',/ "°^''^-/ %^--.^' 



o > 














. . -, .-• /% "-•»■ /\ •^- .*'% •-W- /% 'wM' ^"--"^ 






V ..^^ 



U,^"^ 

t^K ^ 






0" 



:( 






3^ '*..„' 



"> 












A 



q. «- = .o' ^0 









4> o»" 



^°-'^. 



^. %.^^ /^^^^ %/ .;< -.^^,' fjm^^ - 

^* .•»•- \-/ .#&:■• %.** •■■ ^ \/ -•■« 



*' r. s' ,G^ 



• . . • A 



■o. .' 



-5' 



f'^n^ 










o. * . . o' .0 



. o « o 









.'^^ c°^--'*^-"°o /V-"---^, ^y--'\. J-. 







'n^n'^ 















C, vP 






